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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 February 2017
1 Copenhagen Process on the Handling of Detainees in International Military Operations, The Copenhagen Process Principles and Guidelines, preambular ¶ II (July 2012), available at http://um.dk/en/~/media/UM/English-site/Documents/Politics-and-diplomacy/Copenhangen%20Process%20Principles%20and%20Guidelines.pdf [hereinafter Principles].
2 See Minutes of the 3rd Conference on the Handling of Detainees in International Military Operations, Copenhagen (Oct. 18-19,2012) (as recorded by the Chair) [hereinafter Minutes]; Thomas Winkler, The Handling of Detainees in Military Operations: An Update on the Copenhagen Process, Summary of Event at the British Institute of Int’l & Comp. L., available at http://www.biicl.org/files/4547_copenhagen_process.pdf.
3 Principles, supra note 1, preambular ¶¶ II & XI.
4 See Winkler, Thomas, The Copenhagen Process on Detainees: A Necessity, 78 Nordic J. Int’l L. 489, at 496 (2009).Google Scholar
5 Ministry of Foreign Aff. of Denmark Legal Serv., Non-Paper on Legal Framework and Aspects of Detention 3 (Oct. 2007) [hereinafter Non-Paper].
6 Id. at 4.
7 Geneva Convention [III] Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Aug. 12, 1949, 6 U.S.T. 3316, 75 U.N.T.S. 135; Geneva Convention [IV] Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, Aug. 12, 1949, 6 U.S.T. 3516, 75 U.N.T.S. 287.
8 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Convention of Aug. 12, 1949 and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, Jun. 8, 1977, 16 I.L.M. 1391 (1977).
9 See Rep. of the Int’l Comm. Red Cross, Strengthening Legal Protection for Victims of Armed Conflict, 311C/11/5.1.1, at 9 (2011) (“While international humanitarian law contains detailed rules on conditions of detention in international armed conflicts, this is not the case in conflicts not of an international character.”); see also Non-Paper, supra note 5.
10 See Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, 2004 I.C.J. 136 (July 9); Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo, Judgment, 2005 I.C.J. 168 (2005); Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, 1996 I.C.J. 226 (July 8).
11 See generally Horowitz, Jonathan, Positive Obligations, Human Rights, and Armed Con?ict: Implementing the Right to Education in Occupied Territories, 1 J. Int’l Humanitarian Stud. 304 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12 Non-Paper, supra note 5, at 2.
13 Winkler, supra note 4, at 497.
14 Id.
15 Representatives from the following governments welcomed the Principles: Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, Turkey, Uganda, United Kingdom, and United States. Minutes, supra note 2.
16 Id.; see also Principles, supra note 1, ¶ XIII.
17 See also Oswald, Bruce “Ossie” & Winkler, Thomas, Copenhagen Process Principles and Guidelines on the Handling of Detainees in International Military Operations, ASIL Insights (Dec. 26, 2012), available at http://www.asil.org/pdfs/insights/insightl21226.pdf [hereinafter ASIL Insights].Google Scholar
18 Id.
19 See generally Horowitz, Jonathan, Transferring Wartime Detainees and a State’s Responsibility to Prevent Torture, 2 Am. U. Nat’l Sec. L. Brief (2012).Google Scholar
20 See also Jacques Hartmann, The Copenhagen Process: Principles and Guidelines, EJIL: Talk (Nov. 3, 2012), http://www.ejiltalk.org/the-copenhagen-process-principles-andguidelines/.
21 ASIL Insights, supra note 17.
22 Amnesty Int’l, Outcome of Copenhagen Process on Detainees in International Military Operations Undermines Respect for Human Rights, AI Index IOR 50/003/2012, Oct. 23, 2012, available at http://www.arrmesty.org/eri/library/asset/IOR50/003/2012/en/1186a695-097e-47eb-8b93-3d282f4c54cd/ior5-00032012en.pdf.
23 Id.
24 See Horowitz, supra note 19, at 59.
25 ASIL Insights, supra note 17.
26 Id.
* This text was reproduced and reformatted from the text available at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark Web site (visited December 31, 2012) http://um.dk/en/~/mediaAJM/English-site/Documents/Politics-and-diplomacy/Copenhangen%20Process%-20Principles%20and%20Guidelines.pdf.
