From November 18 to 20, 1953, the eighteenth session of the Council of the Food and Agriculture Organization was held in Rome under the chairmanship of Josue de Castro. At this session a final survey was made of arrangements for the seventh session of the FAO Conference, which was scheduled to open in Rome on November 23. Having decided at its seventeenth session to report to the Conference on the most recent developments in the world agricultural situation and outlook highlighting issues for the special attention of the Conference, the Council drafted a statement which supplemented the report of the Director-General (Dodd) entitled The State of Food and Agriculture, 1953. The Council reported that since the sixth session of the Conference in 1951 when continuing food shortages were the main concern, the situation had changed considerably; supplies of many commodities were now pressing hard against effective demand. While stocks of some agricultural commodities had accumulated and nations were finding their disposal difficult, supplies were still insufficient to provide adequate standards of nutrition in large parts of the world. The improvement in supplies in the last few years had not been matched by an in-crease in consumption levels, and one or two bad harvests could wipe out much of the increase in annual production which had been achieved and reduce substantially present levels of stocks, the Council stated. The following points were commended to the attention of the Conference: 1) problems involved in the selective expansion of production, especially in the less developed regions, 2) methods of maintaining the level of farm incomes, especially by increased efficiency, and 3) methods of increasing per caput consumption levels.