¹ See, for example, the works of Lindberg, Leon N.: The Political Dynamics of European Economic Integration (Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1963)Google Scholar; “Decision Making and Integration in the European Community,” International Organization, winter 1965 (Vol. 19, No. 1), pp. 56–80CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “Integration as a Source of Stress on the European Community System,” International Organization, Spring 1966 (Vol. 20, No. 2), pp. 233–265CrossRefGoogle Scholar; “The European Community as a Political System: Notes toward the Construction of a Model,” Journal of Common Market Studies, 06 1967 (Vol. 5, No. 4), pp. 344–387CrossRefGoogle Scholar. In this last work Lindberg attempts to explain some of the differences in the research findings through the development of subconcepts within “integration.” Such an attempt is definitely in order and complements the work here. Other studies which have found integration progressing in the EEC are Inglehart, Ronald, “An End to European Integration?” American Political Science Review, 03 1967 (Vol. 61, No. 1), pp. 91–105CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Inglehart, Ronald, “Trends and Nontrends in the Western Alliance: A Review,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, 03 1968 (Vol. 12, No. 1), pp. 120–128CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Walter, Ingo, The European Common Market: Growth and Patterns of Trade and Production (Praeger Special Studies in International Economics and Development) (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1967)Google Scholar; Weissberg, Robert, “Nationalism, Integration, and French and German Elites,” International Organization, Spring 1969 (Vol. 23, No. 2), pp. 337–347CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

² Much of the work which finds integration stagnant comes from Deutsch, Karl W.: “Integration and Arms Control in the European Political Environment: A Summary Report,” American Political Science Review, 06 1966 (Vol. 60, No. 2), pp. 354–365CrossRefGoogle Scholar; with Edinger, Lewis J., Macridis, Roy C., and Merritt, Richard L., France, Germany and the Western Alliance: A Study of Elite Attitudes on European Integration and World Politics (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1967)Google Scholar. See also Alker, Hayward Jr, and Puchala, Donald, “Trends in Economic Partnership: The North Atlantic Area, 1928–1963,” in Singer, J. David, ed., Quantitative International Politics: Insights and Evidence, Vol. 6 of International Yearbook of Political Behavior Research (New York: Free Press, 1968)Google Scholar.

³ The basic article dealing with the null model is Savage, I. Richard and Deutsch, Karl W., “A Statistical Model of the Gross Analysis of Transaction Flows,” Econometrica, 07 1960 (Vol. 28, No. 3), PP. 551–572CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Literature has grown up around the model including Alker, Hayward R. Jr, “An IBM 709 Program for the Gross Analysis of Transaction Flows,” Behavioral Science, 10 1962 (Vol. 7, No. 4), pp. 498–499Google Scholar; Goodman, Leo A., “Statistical Methods for the Preliminary Analysis of Transaction Flows,” Econometrica, 01 1963 (Vol. 31, Nos. 1–2), pp. 197–208CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Goodman, Leo A., “A Short Computer Program for the Analysis of Transaction Flows,” Behavioral Science, 04 1964 (Vol. 9, No. 1), pp. 176–186CrossRefGoogle Scholar. The program presented by Goodman was used in the computation of relative acceptance coefficients in this article.

⁴ The coefficient has been used by Alker, and Puchala, , in Singer; Deutsch, , American Political Science Review, Vol. 60, No. 2Google Scholar; Deutsch, et al. ; Iijphart, Arend, “Tourist Traffic and Integration Potential,” Journal of Common Market Studies, 03 1964 (Vol. 2, No. 3), pp. 251–262Google Scholar; Russett, Bruce M., Community and Contention: Britain and America in the Twentieth Century (Cambridge, Mass: M.I.T. Press, 1963)Google Scholar.

⁵ Two excellent works which rely heavily on export-percentage figures are Gehlen, Michael P., “The Integrative Process in East Europe: A Theoretical Framework,” Journal of Politics, 02 1968 (Vol.30, No. 1), pp. 90–113CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Ingo Walter.

⁶ For an example of this approach see Russett, Bruce M., International Regions and the International System: A Study in Political Ecology (Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 1967)Google Scholar. Russett used gross domestic product.

⁷ The term “integration” is used in this article because the methodologies under consideration purport to measure “integration” or. some variant such as “community.” It is used with serious reservations because of its imprecision. Various conceptualizations of it exist, many of which appear valuable. Questions concerning the relative value of different conceptualizations and the relationship of transaction analysis to them must certainly be answered. Yet they are beyond the scope of this research note, and no attempt will be made to deal with them here.

⁸ Bruce M. Russett, Community and Contention.

⁹ Inglehart, Ronald, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 12, No. 1Google Scholar.

¹⁰ For a discussion of event-interaction data see Moses, Lincoln E. et al. , “Scaling Data on Inter-Nation Action,” Science, 05 26, 1967 (Vol. 156, No. 3778), pp. 1054–1059CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed; Corson, Walter H., “Measuring Conflict and Co-operation Intensity in East-West Relations: A Manual and Codebook,” Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, revised 02 1970Google Scholar. (Mimeographed.)