A pharmacist collected data in an active geriatric outpatient program on 140 patients admitted consecutively over a 1-year period. Compliance was monitored by patient statement, pill counting, and daily written record-keeping of all medications with the help of a pocket diary provided in the program. Weekly pharmacist counseling sessions were then initiated for all patients. After four compliance sessions, two subgroups of patients were identified: 120 compliant patients and 20 patients showing persistent 50% noncompliance. Patients were interviewed by a psychiatrist to develop a profile of the noncompliant patient. This profile may be useful in identifying other noncompliant geriatric patients. Early recognition of this special group of patients in need of directed counseling may help reduce medical misjudgment in prescribing for the frail elderly population.