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Readiness to use compensatory strategies among older adults with functional difficulties

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2010

Karen C. Rose ,
Laura N. Gitlin  and
Marie P. Dennis
Karen C. Rose*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Widener University, Chester, PA, U.S.A.
Laura N. Gitlin
Affiliation:
Jefferson Center for Applied Research on Aging and Health (CARAH), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.
Marie P. Dennis
Affiliation:
Jefferson Center for Applied Research on Aging and Health (CARAH), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Karen C. Rose, Department of Psychology, Widener University, One University Place, Chester, PA 19013, U.S.A. Phone: +1 610-499-4526; Fax: +1 610-499-5792. Email: kcrose@widener.edu.
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Abstract

Background: Compensatory strategies (behavioral/environmental modifications) can reduce the difficulties of performing daily living activities, fear of falling, and mortality risk. However, individuals vary in their readiness to use strategies. We examined characteristics associated with readiness to use compensatory strategies, the extent to which level of readiness changed from participation in an intervention (Advancing Better Living for Elders (ABLE)) providing compensatory strategies, and factors predictive of change in readiness level.

Methods: Data from a randomized trial were used. Participants were 148 older adults assigned to the ABLE intervention designed to enhance daily function through compensatory strategy use. Baseline measures included demographic characteristics, functional difficulty level, presence/absence of depressive symptoms, compensatory strategy use, and social support. At initial (2 weeks from baseline) and final (6 months) ABLE sessions, interventionists rated readiness (1 = precontemplation; 2 = contemplation; 3 = preparation; 4 = action/maintenance) of participants to use strategies. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify baseline characteristics associated with initial readiness rating. A McNemar-Bowker test of symmetry was used to describe change in readiness, and binary logistic regression was used to identify baseline predictors of change in readiness (from initial to final intervention session).

Results: At the initial intervention session, 70.3% (N = 104) scored in pre-action (precontemplation/contemplation, preparation), and 29.7% (N = 44) in action/maintenance. Depressive symptomatology (χ2(2) = 9.08, p = 0.011) and low compensatory strategy use (F(2, 147) = 8.44, p = 0.001) at baseline were associated with lower readiness levels at initial ABLE session. By final ABLE session, most participants demonstrated greater readiness: 72% (N = 105) in action/maintenance, 28% (N = 41) in pre-action (two participants dropped out). A significant baseline predictor of positive change in readiness (from initial to final session) was higher social support levels (b = 0.10, SE = 0.05, Wald = 4.98, p = 0.026).

Conclusion: Whereas presence of depressive symptomatology and lower use of compensatory strategies at baseline were associated with lower readiness at initial intervention session, neither predicted change in readiness level. Thus, mood and prior compensatory strategy use do not effect enhancements in readiness to use strategies provided in an intervention. Baseline social support was the strongest predictor of change in readiness suggesting that interventions may need to involve older adults’ social networks to enhance acceptability of compensatory strategy use.

Keywords

home carefunctional disabilityhome modification
Type
Focus on prevention in psychogeriatrics
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 22 , Special Issue 8: Focus on prevention in psychogeriatrics , December 2010 , pp. 1225 - 1239
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2010

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