Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-thh2z Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-14T06:18:57.890Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Conflict of interest declaration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2008

Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

David Ames has undertaken research with cholinesterase inhibitor drugs supported by Eisai, Janssen, Parke-Davis and Pfizer. He has received honoraria for talks and consultancies and some financial support to enable conference attendance from those four companies and from Novartis, the other pharmaceutical company to market a cholinesterase inhibitor in Australia.

Type
For Debate
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 20 , Issue 2 , April 2008 , pp. 288 - 292
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agid, Y. and Dubois, B. 1998. Efficacy and tolerability of rivastigmine in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. Current Therapeutic Research, 59, 837–845.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ames, D., Bhathal, P. S., Davies, B. M., Fraser, J. R. E., Gibson, P. R. and Roberts, S. 1990. Heterogeneity of adverse hepatic reactions to tetrahydroaminoacridine. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine, 20, 193–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ames, D., Ballard, C., Cream, J., Shah, A., Suh, G-H. and McKeith, I. 2005. For debate: should novel antipsychotics ever be used to treat the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)? International Psychogeriatrics, 17, 3–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ames, D., Petersen, R. C., Knopman, D. S., Visser, P. J., Brodaty, H. and Gauthier, S. 2006. For debate: is mild cognitive impairment a clinically useful concept? International Psychogeriatrics, 18, 393–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ames, D. et al. 2007. For debate: is the influence of the pharmaceutical industry on prescribing, research and publishing in the field of psychogeriatrics excessive? International Psychogeriatrics, 19, 1004–1021.Google Scholar
ARIAL 2000: Robert, P., Lebert, F., Goni, S., Touchon, J., Vincent, S. and ARIAL Study Investigators Collaborative Group. 2000. The impact on caregiver distress of donepezil treatment of patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. Proceedings of the Quality Research in Dementia, 19–22 November, London.Google Scholar
Ballard, C. et al. 2005. Quetiapine and rivastigmine and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. BMJ, 330, 874.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnes, S. A., Lindborg, S. R. and Seaman, J. W. Jr. 2006. Multiple imputation techniques in small sample clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine, 25, 233–245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baron, G., Boutron, I., Giraudeau, B. and Ravaud, P. 2005. Violation of the intent-to-treat principle and rate of missing data in superiority trials assessing structural outcomes in rheumatic diseases. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 52, 1858–1865.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Birks, J. 2005. How effective are ChIs? International Psychogeriatrics, 17 (Suppl. 2.), 37.Google Scholar
Birks, J. 2006. Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD005593.Google Scholar
Birks, J. and Harvey, R. J. 2006. Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease.[update of Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(3):CD001190; PMID: 12917900]. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD001190.Google Scholar
Birks, J., Iakovidou, V. and Tsolaki, M. 2007. Rivastigmine for Alzheimer's disease.[update in Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(1):CD001191; PMID: 11034705]. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD001191.Google Scholar
Brodaty, H. 1996. Tacrine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Australian Prescriber, 19, 14–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brodaty, H., Corey-Bloom, J., Potocnik, F. C., Truyen, L., Gold, M. and Damaraju, C. R. 2005. Galantamine prolonged-release formulation in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 20, 120–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burns, A. R. M. et al. 1999. The effects of donepezil in Alzheimer's disease: results from a multinational trial. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 10, 237–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corey-Bloom, J. A. R. and Veach, J. for the ENA 713 B352 Study Group 1998. A randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of ENA 713 (rivastigmine tartrate), a new acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, in patients with mild or moderately severe Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychopharmacology, 1, 55–65.Google Scholar
Courtney, C. et al. 2004. Long-term donepezil treatment in 565 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD2000): randomised double-blind trial. Lancet, 363, 2105–2115.Google ScholarPubMed
CRD 2001. Undertaking Systematic Reviews of Research on Effectiveness. York: Centre for Reviews and Dissemination.Google Scholar
Cummings, J. L. et al. 2002. Guidelines for managing Alzheimer's disease: Part II. Treatment. American Family Physician, 65, 2525–2534.Google Scholar
Division of Neuropharmacological Drug Products 1991. Tacrine as a treatment for Alzheimer's dementia: an interim report from the FDA. New England Journal of Medicine, 324, 349–352.Google Scholar
Feldman, H., Gauthier, S., Hecker, J., Vellas, B., Subbiah, P. and Whalen, E. 2001. A 24-week, randomized, double-blind study of donepezil in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 57, 613–620.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Food and Drug Administration 1989. Peripheral and Central Nervous System Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting, July 7, 1989. Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 227.Google Scholar
Forette, F., Anand, R. and Gharabawi, G. 1999. A phase II study in patients with Alzheimer's disease to assess the preliminary efficacy and maximum tolerated dose of rivastigmine (Exelon). European Journal of Neurology, 6, 423–429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ganguli, M., Dombrovski, A., Mulsant, B., Wilkinson, P. and Tharyan, P. 2006. For debate: the evidence for electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) in the treatment of severe late-life depression. International Psychogeriatrics, 19, 9–35.Google Scholar
Gill, S. S. et al. 2004. Representation of patients with dementia in clinical trials of donepezil. Canadian Journal of Clinical Pharmacology/Journal Canadien de Pharmacologie Clinique, 11, 274–285.Google ScholarPubMed
Glasser, S. P. and Howard, G. 2006. Clinical trial design issues: at least 10 things you should look for in clinical trials. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 46, 1106–1115.Google Scholar
Greenberg, S. M. et al. 2000. Donepezil therapy in clinical practice: a randomized crossover study. Archives of Neurology, 57, 94–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Higgins, J. P. T., and Green, S. (eds.) 2006. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 4.2.6 [updated September 2006]. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2006. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Google Scholar
Holmes, C. et al. 2004 The efficacy of donepezil in the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer disease. Neurology, 63, 214–219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Homma, A. et al. 2000. Clinical efficacy and safety of donepezil on cognitive and global function in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A 24-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in Japan. E2020 Study Group. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 11, 299–313.Google Scholar
Houck, P. R. et al. 2004. Estimating treatment effects from longitudinal clinical trial data with missing values: comparative analyses using different methods. Psychiatry Research, 129, 209–215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
IQWiG 2007. Cholinesterasehemmer bei Alzheimer Demenz. Abschlussbericht A05–19A. Köln: Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen (IQWiG).Google Scholar
Jansen, I., Beunckens, C., Molenberghs, G., Verbeke, G. and Mallinckrodt, C. 2006. Analyzing incomplete discrete longitudinal clinical trial data. Statistical Science, 21, 52–69.Google Scholar
Kaduszkiewicz, H., Zimmermann, T., Beck-Bornholdt, H. P. and Van Den Bussche, H. 2005. Cholinesterase inhibitors for patients with Alzheimer's disease: systematic review of randomised clinical trials. BMJ, 331, 321–327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karaman, Y., Erdogan, F., Koseoglu, E., Turan, T. and Ersoy, A. O. 2005. A 12-month study of the efficacy of rivastigmine in patients with advanced moderate Alzheimer's disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 19, 51–56.Google Scholar
Krishnan, K. R. et al. 2003. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of donepezil on neuronal markers and hippocampal volumes in Alzheimer's disease. American Journal Psychiatry, 160, 2003–2011.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Little, R. J. A. and Rubin, D. B. 2002. Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience.Google Scholar
Loy, C. and Schneider, L. 2006. Galantamine for Alzheimer's disease. [update in Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(1):CD001747; PMID: 16437436; update of Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(3):CD001747; PMID: 12137632]. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD001747.Google Scholar
Mallinckrodt, C. H. 2001. Type I error rates from mixed effects model repeated measures versus fixed effects ANOVA with missing values imputed via last observation carried forward. Drug Information Journal. Oct–Dec 2001. http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3899/is_200110/ai_n8975013 (last accessed 19 September 2007).Google Scholar
Mallinckrodt, C. H., Clark, W. S. and David, S. R. 2001. Accounting for dropout bias using mixed-effects models. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 11, 9–21.Google Scholar
Moher, D., Jadad, A., Nichol, G., Penman, M., Tugwell, T. and Walsh, S. 1995. Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials: an annotated bibliography of scales and checklists. Controlled Clinical Trials, 16, 62–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moher, D., Jadad, A. R. and Tugwell, P. 1996. Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials: current issues and future directions. International Journal of Technological Assessment in Health Care, 12, 195–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mohs, R. C. et al. 2001. A 1-year, placebo-controlled preservation of function survival study of donepezil in AD patients. [erratum appears in Neurology, 57, 1942]. Neurology, 57, 481–488.Google Scholar
Molenberghs, G. et al. 2004. Analyzing incomplete longitudinal clinical trial data. Biostatistics, 5, 445–464.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NICE 2006. Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine (Review) and Memantine for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. NICE Technology Appraisal Guidance 111, November 2006. London: NICE.Google Scholar
Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 1998. ADENA Programme (unpublished data).Google Scholar
O'Brien, J. T., Wahlund, L. O., Scheltens, P. and Förstl, H. 2007. For debate: should neuroimaging be a routine investigation in all cases of suspected dementia? International Psychogeriatrics, 19, 525–538.Google Scholar
Perras, C., Shukla, V. K., Lessard, C., Skidmore, B., Bergman, H. and Gauthier, S. 2005. Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: a Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials [Technology report no. 58]. Ottawa: Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment.Google Scholar
Raskind, M. A., Peskind, E. R., Wessel, T. and Yuan, W. 2000. Galantamine in AD: a 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a 6-month extension. The Galantamine USA-1 Study Group. Neurology, 54, 2261–2268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reisberg, B. and Ferris, S. H. 1994. CIBIC-Plus Interview Guide. East Hanover, NJ: Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation.Google Scholar
Richard, E. and van Gool, W. A. 2006. Cholinesteraseremmers bij dementie: een wankel evenwicht tussen werkzaamheid en veiligheid. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, 150, 530–532.Google Scholar
Ritchie, C. W., Ames, D., Clayton, T. and Lai, R. 2004. Meta-analysis of randomized trials of the efficacy and safety of donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine for the treatment of Alzheimer disease. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 12, 358–369.Google Scholar
Ritchie, C., Ames, D., Masters, C. and Cummings, J. 2007. Therapeutic Strategies in Dementia, Oxford: Clinical Publishing.Google Scholar
Rockwood, K. 2007. The measuring, meaning and importance of activities of daily living (ADLs) as an outcome. International Psychogeriatrics, 19, 467–482.Google Scholar
Rockwood, K., Mintzer, J., Truyen, L., Wessel, T. and Wilkinson, D. 2001. Effects of a flexible galantamine dose in Alzheimer's disease: a randomised, controlled trial. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 71, 589–595.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rockwood, K., Fay, S., Song, X., MacKnight, C. and Gorman, M. 2006. Attainment of treatment goals by people with Alzheimer's disease receiving galantamine: a randomized controlled trial. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 174, 1099–1105.Google Scholar
Rogers, S. L. and Friedhoff, L. T. 1996. The efficacy and safety of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease: results of a U.S. multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Donepezil Study Group. Dementia, 7, 293–303.Google Scholar
Rogers, S. L., Doody, R. S., Mohs, R. C. and Friedhoff, L. T. 1998a. Donepezil improves cognition and global function in Alzheimer disease: a 15-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Donepezil Study Group. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158, 1021–1031.Google Scholar
Rogers, S. L., Farlow, M. R., Doody, R. S., Mohs, R. and Friedhoff, L. T. 1998b. A 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil Study Group. Neurology, 50, 136–145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosen, W. G., Mohs, R. C. and Davis, K. L. 1984. A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 1356–1364.Google Scholar
Rösler, M. et al. 1999. Efficacy and safety of rivastigmine in patients with Alzheimer's disease: international randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 318, 633–638.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, L. S. 2004. AD2000: donepezil in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet, 363, 2100–2101.Google Scholar
Schneider, L. S., Olin, J. T., Lyness, S. A. and Chui, H. C. 1997. Eligibility of Alzheimer's disease clinic patients for clinical trials. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 45, 923–928.Google Scholar
Seltzer, B. et al. 2004. Efficacy of donepezil in early-stage Alzheimer disease: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. [erratum appears in Archives of Neurology, 2005 62, 825]. Archives of Neurology, 61, 1852–1856.Google Scholar
Streiner, D. L. 2002. The case of the missing data: methods of dealing with dropouts and other research vagaries. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry/Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 47, 68–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Summers, W. K., Majovski, L. V., Marsh, G. M., Tachiki, K. and Kling, A. 1986. Oral tetrahydroaminoacridine in the long-term-treatment of senile dementia, Alzheimer type. New England Journal of Medicine, 315, 1241–1245.Google Scholar
Tai, C. T., Liu, C. K., Sung, S. M., Pai, M. C. and Hsu, C. Y. 2000. The safety and efficacy of Exelon in Alzheimer's patients: a multicentre, randomized, 26-week study in Taiwan. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 3 (Suppl. 1), S356.Google Scholar
Takeda, A. et al. 2006. A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine on cognition, quality of life and adverse events in Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 17–28.Google Scholar
Tariot, P. N., Solomon, P. R., Morris, J. C., Kershaw, P., Lilienfeld, S. and Ding, C. 2000. A 5-month, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of galantamine in AD. The Galantamine USA-10 Study Group. Neurology, 54, 2269–2276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tariot, P. N. et al. 2001. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease in the nursing home setting. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 49, 1590–1599.Google Scholar
Tune, L. et al. 2003. Donepezil HCl (E2020) maintains functional brain activity in patients with Alzheimer disease: results of a 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11, 169–177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Unnebrink, K. and Windeler, J. 2001. Intention-to-treat: methods for dealing with missing values in clinical trials of progressively deteriorating diseases. Statistics in Medicine, 20, 3931–3946.Google Scholar
Whitehead, A., Perdomo, C., Pratt, R. D., Birks, J., Wilcock, G. K. and Evans, J. G. 2004. Donepezil for the symptomatic treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised controlled trials. International Journal Geriatric Psychiatry, 19, 624–633.Google Scholar
Wilcock, G. K., Lilienfeld, S. and Gaens, E. 2000. Efficacy and safety of galantamine in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: multicentre randomised controlled trial. Galantamine International-1 Study Group. BMJ, 321, 1445–1449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilkinson, D. and Murray, J. 2001. Galantamine: a randomized, double-blind, dose comparison in patients with Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16, 852–857.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winblad, B. et al. 2001. A 1-year, randomized, placebo-controlled study of donepezil in patients with mild to moderate AD. Neurology, 57, 489–495.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winblad, B. et al. (Severe Alzheimer's Disease Study Group) 2006. Donepezil in patients with severe Alzheimer's disease: double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. Lancet, 367, 1057–1065.Google Scholar
Wright, C. C. and Sim, J. 2003. Intention-to-treat approach to data from randomized controlled trials: a sensitivity analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 56, 833–884.Google Scholar