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Conflict prevention and conflict resolution: limits of multilateralism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 April 2010

Fred Tanner
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Résumé

Au cours des années 90, l'intérêt de la recherche et de la pratique sʼest tourné vers la prévention de conflits, cʼest-à-dire toute activité tendant à gérer ou à résoudre des situations conflictuelles avant quʼelles ne dégénèrent en affrontement ouvert et violent. Cet article examine les possibilités et les chances de succès d'actions de prévention entreprises, soit par un État, soit dans un contexte multilatéral. L'expérience des dernières années démontre clairement que les États ne souhaitent pas sʼexposer dans un conflit qui ne les concerne pas directement. Les conflits d'aujour d'hui en appellent done à des stratégies plus complexes, et seule une approche multilatérale a une chance d'aboutir à des résultats satisfaisants. Il existe aujourd'hui un grand nombre d'organisations gouvernementales et non gouvernementales — universelles et régionales, grandes et petites —, chacune avec un mode d'action bien distinct, ce qui permet l'engagement de l'une ou de l'autre, selon les données de la situation.

Type
Research Article
Information
International Review of the Red Cross , Volume 82 , Issue 839: Humanitaire action and prevention/Action humanitaire et prévention , September 2000 , pp. 541 - 559
Copyright
Copyright © International Committee of the Red Cross 2000

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References

l See, e.g., Preventing Deadly Conflict: Final Report, with Executive Summary, Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, New York, December 1997.Google Scholar

2 Brown, Michael (ed.), The International Dimension of Internal Conflict, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1997Google Scholar; Gurr, Ted Robert, Minorities at Risk: A Global View of Ethnopolitical Conflicts, United States Institute for Peace Press, Washington, DC, 1993Google Scholar; Van Evera, Stephen, “Hypotheses on nationalism and war”, in Robert J. Art and Robert Jervis, International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Politics, Harper Collins, New York, 1996, pp. 5–39Google Scholar. Final Report of the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, op. cit. (note 1 ), Chapter 5: The responsibility of States, leaders, and civil society.

3 The main studies are: Our Global Neighbourhood, Commission on Global Governance, 1995; Brian Urquhart and Erskine Childers, A World in Need of Leadership: Tomorrow's United Nations, 1996; Words to Deeds: Strengthening the UN's Enforcement Capabilities, International Task Force on the Enforcement of UN Security Council Resolutions, 1997.

4 Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to General Assembly Resolution 53/35: The fall of Srebrenica, General Assembly Doc. A/54/549, 15 November 1999. Report of the independent inquiry into the actions of the United Nations during the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda, United Nations, 15 December 1999.

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11 Rwanda Report, op. cit. (note 4), p. 21.

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22 XXIst International Conference of the Red Cross (Istanbul, 1969), Resolution XXI: Contacts between National Societies in cases of armed conflicts.

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26 Ibid.

27 Preventing Deadly Conflict, op. cit. (note 2), Chapter 5.

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29 Keynote address by Dr. Sommaruga, ICRC President, 23 June 1998, Geneva Centre for Security Policy, see http://www.gcsp.ch.