¹ See de Morgan, Jacques, Histoire et travaux de Délégation en Perse du Ministère de l'Instruction Publique, 1897–1905 (Paris, 1905)Google Scholar; Mostafavi, Mohammad-Taqi, “Serving the National Heritage and Hoping for the Future,” Archaeological Reports of the Antiquities Department of Iran, 3 (1955): 315–365Google Scholar (in Persian); Dyson, Robert H. Jr., “Early Work on the Acropole at Susa: The Beginning of Prehistory in Iraq and Iran,” Expedition, 10/4 (1968): 21–31Google Scholar; Ma'soumi, Gholam-Reza, Archaeology in Iran from 1850 to 1975 (Tehran, 1976) (in Persian)Google Scholar.

² See Shahmirzadi, Sadegh Malek, “A Review of the Development of Archaeology in Iran,” Asar, 12–14 (1986): 133–160Google Scholar; Shahmirzadi, Sadegh Malek, “History of Archaeological Research in Iran,” Iranian Journal of Archaeology and History 2 (1987): 57–73Google Scholar; Shahmirzadi, Sadegh Malek, “Development of Archaeological Research in Iran,” in Proceedings of the First Symposium of Iranian Studies, ed. by Garmaroudi, A. Mousavi (Tehran, 1990), 373–447;Google Scholar Azkaii, Parviz, “History of Archaeological Research at Hamedan,” Iranian Journal of Archaeology and History, 4 (1988): 56–67Google Scholar; Mousavi, Mahmoud, “[Iranian] Archaeology in the Past Fifty Years,” Miras-e Farhangi, 2 (1990): 6–17Google Scholar; Mousavi, Ali, “Jacques de Morgan and Excavations at Susa,” Iranian Journal of Archaeology and History, 11–12 (1992): 13–19Google Scholar; Abdi, Kamyar, “One Hundred and Thirty Years of Excavations at Susa,” Miras-e Farhangi, 12 (1994): 87–106Google Scholar; Negahban, Ezatollah, Fifty Years of Iranian Archaeology: A Memoir (Tehran, 1997)Google Scholar; Adle, Shahryar, “Khorheh and the Dawn of Scientific Iranian Archaeological Excavations,” Tavoos Quarterly, 3–4 (2000): 226–239Google Scholar; Mousavi, Ali, “Ernst Herzfeld and the Development of Iranian Archaeology, 1925–1935,” Iranian Journal of Archaeology and History, 34 (2003): 44–56;Google Scholar Ma'soumi, Gholam-Reza, A History of [Iranian] Archaeology (Tehran, 2004) (all in Persian)Google Scholar.

³ See de Mecquenem, Roland, “Les fouilleurs de Suse,” Iranica Antiqua, 15 (1980): 1–48Google Scholar; Perrot, Jean, “Une siècle de fouilles à Suse,” Dossiers histoire et archéologie, 138 (1989): 12–14Google Scholar; Chevalier, Nicole, “Hamadan 1913: Une mission oubliée,” Iranica Antiqua, 24 (1989): 245–251CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Ève and Gran-Aymeric, Jean, Jane Dieulafoy: Une vie d'homme (Paris, 1991)Google Scholar; Curtis, John, “William Kennet Loftus and his Excavations at Susa,” Iranica Antiqua, 27 (1993): 1–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Mousavi, Ali, “Early Archaeological Adventures and Methodological Problems in Iranian Archaeology: The Evidence from Susa,” Iranica Antiqua, 31 (1996): 1–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Gluck, Jay and Siver, N., eds., Surveyors of Persian Art: A Documentary Biography of Arthur Upham Pope and Phyllis Ackerman (Ashiya, 1996)Google Scholar; Chevalier, Nicole, ed., Une mission en Perse, 1897–1912 (Paris, 1997);Google Scholar Perrot, Jean, Et ils sortirent du Paradis…: Carnets d'un archéologue en Orient, 1945–1995 (Paris, 1997)Google Scholar; Jaunay, Andrée, ed., Mémoires de Jacques de Morgan, 1857–1912: Souvenirs d'un archéologue (Paris, 1997)Google Scholar; Abdi, Kamyar, “Nationalism, Politics, and the Development of Archaeology in Iran,” American Journal of Archaeology, 105 (2001): 51–76;CrossRefGoogle Scholar Mousavi, Ali, “Persepolis in Retrospect: Histories of Discoveries and Archaeological Explorations at the Ruins of Ancient Parsah,” Ars Orientalis, 32 (2002): 209–251;Google Scholar Majd, M. G.. The Great American Plunder of Persia's Antiquities 1925–1941 (Lanham, MD, 2003)Google Scholar; Gunter, Ann C. and Hauser, Stefan R., eds., Ernst Herzfeld and the Development of Near Eastern Studies, 1900–1950 (Leiden, 2005)Google Scholar.

⁴ To show the level of interest, one should be reminded of a joint exhibition from 20 October to 21 November 2001 by Iran National Museum, the Louvre, and Institut Française de Recherche en Iran on French archaeological activities in Iran, held in Iran National Museum; see the booklet published in conjunction with the exhibit: Les Recherches Archéologiques Française en Iran (Tehran, 2001)Google Scholar. As far as I know, this was the only exhibition designed around a certain expedition, as opposed to a theme or an archaeological or historical period or an archaeological site.

⁵ de Morgan, Jacques, Histoire et travaux de Délégation en Perse du Ministère de l'Instruction Publique, 1897–1905 (Paris, 1905), 50Google Scholar (see note 1).

⁶ See Karimlou, Davoud, ed. Plundering of [Iranian] National Heritage, 4 vols. (Tehran, 1999–2002)Google Scholar; Yazdani, Marziyeh, ed., Documents on Archaeological Expeditions to Iran (1865–1956) (Tehran, 2001)Google Scholar; Bahrami, Ruhollah and Abdi, Issa, eds., Documents on Archaeology in Iran (Excavations, Antiquities, and Historical Monuments) (Tehran, 2001)Google Scholar (all in Persian)

⁷ See Majd, M. G., The Great American Plunder of Persia's Antiquities 1925–1941 (Lanham, MD, 2003)Google Scholar and its review in Iranian Studies, 37 (2004): 737–742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁸ Nassiri-Moghadam, N., “Les missions archéologiques françaises et la question des antiquités en Perse (1884–1914),” thèse de doctorat, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle Paris III, 2002.Google Scholar

⁹ This more nuanced and critical approach is obvious when one compares the present book with chapters in Nicole Chevalier's 1997 edited volume (Une mission en Perse) that are predominantly by French scholars.

¹⁰ Apart from the classic Foundations in the Dust: A History of Mesopotamian Explorations by Seton Lloyd, rev. ed. (London, 1980)Google Scholar that primarily presents the British perspective, there is now a more balanced study of this period in Near Eastern archaeology by Larsen, Mogens Trolle, The Conquest of Assyria: Excavations in Antique Land, 1840–1860 (London and New York, 1996)Google Scholar.

¹¹ Al-e Ahmad, Jalal, Occidentosis: A Plague from the West, trans. from Persian by Campbell, R., ed. by Algar, H. (Berkeley, CA, 1984)Google Scholar.

¹² Jane not only authored the more widely read general account of their explorations at Susa (À Suse: Journal des fouilles, 1884–1886, Paris, 1888;Google Scholar reprinted over a century later as En mission chez les Immortals: Journal des Fouilles de Suse 1884–1886, Paris, 1990), she has been hailed as a pioneer in feminist movement in France, see Ève and Gran-Aymeric, Jean, Jane Dieulafoy: Une vie d'homme (Paris, 1991)Google Scholar.

¹³ One notable example was a set of tablets, evidently from Bushehr, that Marcel Dieulafoy purchased under suspicious circumstances and smuggled out of Iran by deliberately labeling them as coming from Susa. It is interesting that, some 130 years later and despite revelations about their proper provenience, these tablets are still labeled at the Louvre as coming from Susa!

¹⁴ Perhaps de Morgan's holistic approach can best be observed in his groundbreaking L'humanité préhistorique, esquisse de préhistoire générale. Paris: Renaissance du livre, 1921.Google Scholar

¹⁵ For a study of de Morgan's excavation techniques see Dyson, Robert H. Jr., “Early Work on the Acropole at Susa: The Beginning of Prehistory in Iraq and Iran,” Expedition, 10/4 (1968): 21–31Google Scholar and Mousavi, Ali, “Early Archaeological Adventures and Methodological Problems in Iranian Archaeology: The Evidence from Susa,” Iranica Antiqua, 31 (1996): 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹⁶ For a partial catalogue of finds look at Prudence Harper, O., Aruz, J. and Tallon, F., eds., The Royal City of Susa (New York, 1992)Google Scholar.

¹⁷ I have stated elsewhere that de Morgan resigned from his position as the Director of the Délégation by his own choice (see “One Hundred and Thirty Years of Excavations at Susa,” Miras-e Farhangi, 12 (1994): 96).Google Scholar I hereby stand corrected.

¹⁸ Alas, there has not yet been a comprehensive study of the life and career of Vincent Scheil; but in the meantime look at André-Salvini, Béatrice, “‘Ici commence l'histoire de l'Elam’: L'œuvre du père Jean-Vincent Scheil,” in Une mission en Perse, 1897–1912, ed. by Chevalier, N. (Paris, 1997), 110–125.Google Scholar

¹⁹ Some antiquities dealers still have the audacity to trace their ancestry and the artifacts in their possession to “commercial excavators” of this dark era in Iranian archaeology; see Mahboubian, Houshang, Art of the Medes (London, 2002)Google Scholar; Mahboubian, Houshang, Art of Ancient Iran: Copper and Bronze (London, 2003).Google Scholar See also http://alansafani.com/.

²⁰ See Mousavi, Ali, “Ernst Herzfeld, Politics, and Antiquities Legislation in Iran,” in Ernst Herzfeld and the Development of Near Eastern Studies 1900–1950, ed. by Gunter, Ann C. and Hauser, Stefan R. (Leiden, 2005), 429–476.Google Scholar

²¹ This is more wishful thinking on my part, as this may not happen anytime soon, because there are rumors that the Louvre has banned access by non-French academia to unpublished documents and material pertaining to French archaeological activities in Iran, presumably after the publication of this book due to its critical approach towards the Délégation and its revelation regarding misconducts and transgressions (see note 9 above).