Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-4hvwz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-28T12:22:39.401Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Metal Wheel Tyres from the Ancient Near East and Central Asia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 April 2014

J. H. Crouwel
J. H. Crouwel*
Affiliation:
c/o Amsterdam Archeologisch Centrum, Turfdraagsterpad 9-BG 1, 1012 XT Amsterdam, joostcrouwel@telfort.nl
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Important developments in wheel construction can be observed in Iraq and other parts of the Near East during the later third and earlier second millennium B.C. One such innovation is the appearance of clamped-on tyres made in bronze or copper segments. Recent, spectacular finds from Turkmenistan in Central Asia extend the already wide distribution of tyres of this distinctive form. They also shed light on the kinds of wheel and vehicle on which such metal tyres were used.

Type
Research Article
Information
IRAQ , Volume 74 , 2012 , pp. 89 - 95
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute for the Study of Iraq 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amiet, P. 1986. L'âge des échanges inter-iraniens, 3500–1700 avant J.-C. (Notes et documents de musées de France 11). Paris.Google Scholar
Amiet, P. 1987. ‘Nouvelles acquisitions des Départements des Antiquités Orientales’, La Revue du Louvre 1987, fasc. 1, 13–25.Google Scholar
Amiet, P. 1989. ‘Antiquities of Bactria and Outer Iran in the Louvre collection’. In Ligabue, G. and Salvatori, S. (eds.), Bactria. An Ancient Oasis Civilization from the Sands of Afghanistan. Venice, 159–80.Google Scholar
Aruz, J. (ed.) 2003. Art of the First Cities. The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. New York, New Haven and London.Google Scholar
Börker-Klähn, J. 1982. Altvorderasiatische Bildstelen und vergleichbare Felsreliefs (Baghdader Forschungen 4). Mainz am Rhein.Google Scholar
Canby, J. V. 2001. The “Ur-namma” Stela (University Museum Monograph 110). Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Haller, A. and Andrae, W. 1955. Die Heiligtümer des Gottes Assur und der Sin-Šamaš-Tempel in Assur (Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der Deutschen Orientgesellschaft 67). Berlin.Google Scholar
Kohl, P. L. 2007. The Making of Bronze Age Eurasia. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Littauer, M. A. and Crouwel, J. H. 1977. ‘The Origin and Diffusion of the Cross-bar Wheel?’, Antiquity 51, 95–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Littauer, M. A. and Crouwel, J. H. 1979. Wheeled Vehicles and Ridden Animals in the Ancient Near East. Leiden and Köln.Google Scholar
Littauer, M. A. and Crouwel, J. H. 1989. ‘Metal Wheel Tyres from the Ancient Near East’. In De Meyer, L. and Haerinck, E. (eds.), Archaeologia Iranica et Orientalis. Miscellanea in Honorem Louis Vanden Berghe vol. I. Gent, 111–21.Google Scholar
Littauer, M. A. and Crouwel, J. H. 2002. Selected Writings on Chariots, other Vehicles, Riding and Harness (Raulwing, P. ed.). Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 6. Leiden, Boston and Köln.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masson, V. M. 1988. Altyn-Depe (University Museum Monograph 55). Philadelphia 1988.Google Scholar
Mecquenem, R. de 1922. ‘Foulles de Suse campagnes 1914-21, 1922’, Revue d'Assyriologie 19, 109–10.Google Scholar
Mecquenem, R. de 1943. Fouilles de Suse, 1933-39. Memoirs de la Mission archéologique en Iran 29. Paris.Google Scholar
Nagel, W. and Strommenger, E. 2001. ‘Drei Kultwagen aus der Gudea- oder der Ur III-Zeit’. In Meyer, J.-W., Novák, M. and Pruss, A. (eds.), Beiträge zur vorderasiatischen Archäologie Winfried Orthmann gewidmet. Frankfurt am Main, 352–65.Google Scholar
Pottier, M.-H. 1984. Matériel funéraire de la Bactriane méridionale de l'âge du bronze (Memoirs, Recherche sur les civilisations 36). Paris.Google Scholar
Potts, D. 2008. ‘Puzur-Inšušinak and the Oxus Civilization (BMAC): Reflections on the Geo-political Landscape of Iran and Central Asia in the Ur III Period’, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 98, 165–94.Google Scholar
Sarianidi, V. I. 2005. Goňurdepe. Türkmenistan. Salaryň we hudaýlaryň şdher ( = Gord carej i borov = City of Kings and Gods. Text in Russian, Turkish and English). Aşgabat (Ashgabat).Google Scholar
Tallon, F. 1987. Metallurgie susienne I. De la fondation de Suse au XVIIIe siècle avant J.-C. (Notes et documents des musées de France 15). Paris.Google Scholar
Teufer, M. 1999. ‘Ein Scheibenknebel aus Džarkutan (Süduzbekistan)’, Archäologische Mtteilungen aus Iran 21, 69–143.Google Scholar
von Bothmer, D. 1990 (ed.) Glories of the Past. Ancient Art from the Shelby White and Leon Levy Collection. New York.Google Scholar