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Zedaqà: Pursuit of Justice and the Instrument of ‘Ius Talionis’

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2014

Daniela Piattelli
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Extract

Much has been written on the law of retaliation, both by the specialists who studied the sources of the Ancient Near East that are different from Israel and by those who made Israel the subject of specific studies.

Among those who may be numbered in the first group, we shall quote Cardascia. Among his most recent studies connected with the subject considered, we shall mention: “Réparation et peine dans les droits cunéiformes et le droit romain”, in La responsabilité à travers les âges, ed. par M. Boulet-Santel, (Paris, 1989) 1–45; “La peine dans les droits cunéiformes”, in (1991) 55 Rec. de la Société J. Bodin 37–49. But the most incisive study, on which we shall dwell at length, is: “La place du talion dans l'histoire du droit pénal à la lumière des droits du Proche-Orient ancien”, in Mélanges J. Dauvillier (Toulouse, 1979) 169–183.

Type
Ancient and Jewish Law
Information
Israel Law Review , Volume 29 , Issue 1-2 , Winter-Spring 1995 , pp. 65 - 78
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 1995

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References

1 Cf. Jackson, B.S., The Problem ofExod. XXI, 22–25, VT, 23, (1973) 281, n. 1.Google Scholar

2 Cf. Westbrook, R., “Ransom and Talio. Studies in Biblical and Cuneiform Law”, (1988) 26 Cahiers de la Revue Biblique, (Paris) 39–88.Google Scholar

3 Cf. Yaron, R., The Laws of Eshnunna, (Jerusalem, 1988) 262 ss.Google Scholar; cf. also his: “Quelques remarques sur le nouveaux fragments des lois d'Ur-Nammu”, (1985) 63 RHD, 131–42, chiefly 136–38.

4 Cf. Jackson, B.S., The Problem of Ex. 21, 22–25 (ius talionis). Essays in Jewish and Comparative Legal History. Studies in Judaism in Late Antiquity, ed. by Neusner, J., vol. 10, (Leiden, 1979) 75–107.Google Scholar

5 “Lex talionis and Ex. 21, 22–25”, (1986) 93 Revue Biblique 52–69. For preceding commentaries on the above passage of Exodus, cf.: Budde, K., “Bemerkungen zum Bundesbuch”, (1891) 11 ZAW 108–11Google Scholar; Morgenstern, J., “The Book of Covenant”, (1930) 7 HUCA 69–71Google Scholar; Cazelles, H., Etudes sur le Code de l'Alliance, (Paris, 1946) 56Google Scholar; Cassuto, U., A Commentary on the Book of Exodus, (Jerusalem, 1967) 276.Google Scholar

6 Cf. Brin, G., “The Development of Some Lawa in the Book of the Covenant, Justice and Righteousness. Biblical Themes and Their Influence”, ed. by Reventlow, H. Graf and Hoffman, Y., (1992) 137 JSOT, Suppl. S., 60–70.Google Scholar On the same subject cf. also M. Weinfeld, “Justice and Righteousness. Mishpat vezedaqà. The Expression and Its Meaning”, ibid.em, at 228–46. By the same author cf. also Justice and Righteousness in Israel and the Nations, (Jerusalem, 1985).

7 “A propos du talion”, in Mél. J. Teneur, (Lille, 1976) 619–29.

8 Cf. Cardasela, G., “La place du talion”, cit., 172.Google Scholar

9 Cf. R. Westbrook, “Studies”, supra n. 2, at 77.

10 Biblical Law of Talion, (Oxford, 1986) 21–39.

11 Translation by Merk, T.J., in Pritchard, , Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (Princeton, 3rd ed., 1969).Google Scholar

12 Cf. Szlechter, E., “Les anciennes codifications en Mésopotamie”, (1957) 4 RIDA, III S., 73–92Google Scholar; Id., “La loi dans la Mésopotamie ancienne”, (1965) 12 RIDA 55–75.