Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-l82ql Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-25T14:39:34.272Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

INTEGRAZIONE EUROPEA E SOVRANITÀ SOCIALE DELLO STATO-NAZIONE: DILEMMI E PROSPETTIVE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2018

Maurizio Ferrera

Introduzione

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Con la creazione dell'Unione economica e monetaria, i welfare states europei sono entrati in una nuova fase del loro sviluppo ormai più che secolare. La centralizzazione delle decisioni che riguardano la moneta e i saldi fiscali ha eroso in misura molto consistente i margini di manovra sui bilanci pubblici nazionali. A sua volta, il completo dispiegamento delle «quattro libertà» di movimento (dei lavoratori, dei capitali, delle merci e dei servizi) ha seriamente indebolito la capacità dei governi di mantenere il tradizionale monopolio coercitivo su attori e risorse (in particolare, basi fiscali imponibili) che sono cruciali per la stabilità degli istituti di redistribuzione. Queste esternalità destabilizzanti dell'Uem hanno cominciato ad attirare crescente attenzione da parte del dibattito accademico e politico ed alcune iniziative di contrasto hanno preso avvio a livello sovranazionale, in particolare sotto forma di nuove procedure di «coordinamento aperto» e legislazione «morbida» (soft law), emblematicamente rappresentate dalla cosiddetta Strategia europea dell'occupazione (Ferrera, Hemerijck e Rhodes 2000).

Summary

Summary

With the creation of EMU, European Welfare States have entereed a new phase of development. The margins for manouvering public budgets have substantially decreased, while the unfolding of the four freedoms of movement within the EU have seriously weakened the traditional coercive monopoly of the state on actors and resources that are crucial for the stability of redistributive institutions. The article explores these issues adopting a Rokkanian perspective, building on Rokkan's pioneering insights on the nexus between boundary building and internal structuring.

The first part of the paper briefly presents the theoretical perspective. The second part sketches the development of national welfare institutions from their origin up to the early 1970s, discussing their implications in terms of boundary building and internal structuring. The third part discusses the challenges that have emerged in the last couple of decades to the «social sovereignty» of the nation state: challenges that are largely exogenous, but partly reinforced by endogenous developments as well. The final part offers some more speculative remarks of what the author calls «capped sovereignty» for the institutional architecture of social protection, with some hints at cross-national variations and possible developments at the EU level.

Type
Saggi
Information
Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 30 , Issue 3 , December 2000 , pp. 393 - 421
Copyright
Copyright © 2000 by Società editrice il Mulino, Bologna 

References

Riferimenti bibliografici

Alber, J. (1982), Von Armenhaus zum Wohlfahrtsstaat, Frankfurt, Campus, trad. it. Dalla carità allo stato sociale, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1987.Google Scholar
Alestalo, M. e Kuhnle, S. (2000), Introduction: Growth, Adjustments and Survival of the European Welfare State, in Alestalo, M. e Kuhnle, S. (a cura di), Survival of the Welfare State, London, Routledge, pp. 3–18.Google Scholar
Association Internationale de la Mutualité (Aim) (2000), Implications of recent jurisprudence on the co-ordination of health care protection systems, Brussels, Aim.Google Scholar
Baldwin, P. (1990), The Politics of Social Solidarity. Class Bases of the European Welfare States 1875-1975, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bartolini, S. (1998), Exit Options, Boundary Building, Political Structuring, Eui Working Papers, SPN no. 98/1.Google Scholar
Bartolini, S. (2000), Old and New Peripheries in the European Process of Territorial Expansion, Madrid, Juan March Institute, WP 2000/53.Google Scholar
Bonoli, G. (2000), The Politics of Pension Reform, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bosco, A. (2000), Are National Social Protection Systems under Threat?, in «European Issues», no. 7, Paris, Notre Europe.Google Scholar
Briggs, A. (1961), The Welfare State in Historical Perspective, in «European Journal of Sociology», II, pp. 251–258.Google Scholar
Commissione europea, Ce (2000), Towards a Single Market for Supplementary Pensions, Brussels, DGXV.Google Scholar
Cornelissen, V.R. (1996), The principle of Territoriality and the Community Regulations on Social Security, in «Common Market Law Review», pp. 13–41.Google Scholar
Deakin, R. (1996), Labour Law as Market Regulation, in Davies, P. et al. (a cura di), European Community Law. Principles and Perspectives, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 52–78.Google Scholar
Matteis, De e Giubboni, S. (1998), Rapporti di lavoro con elementi di internazionalità e sicurezza sociale, in Carinci, F., De Luca Tamajo, R., Tosi, P. e Ten, T. (a cura di), I contratti di lavoro internazionali, Torino, UTET, pp. 97–114.Google Scholar
De Swaan, A. (1987), In Care of the State, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Esping-Andersen, G. (1985), Politics against Markets, Princeton, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Esping-Andersen, G. (1990), The Three Words of Welfare Capitalism, New York, Polity, Press.Google Scholar
Ewald, F. (1986), L'Etat Providence, Paris, Grasset.Google Scholar
Ferrera, M. (1993a), Modelli di solidarietà, Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Ferrera, M. (1993b), EC Citizens and Social Protection, Bruxelles, European Commission, DG V Report.Google Scholar
Ferrera, M. (1996), Il modello sud-europeo di Welfare State, in «Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica», n. 1, pp. 67–101.Google Scholar
Ferrera, M. e Rhodes, M. (2000), Building a Sustainable Welfare State, in Ferrera, M. e Rhodes, M. (a cura di), Recasting the European Welfare States, London, Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Ferrera, M., Hemerijck, A. e Rhodes, M. (2000), The Future of Social Europe, Lisbon, Celta editora (nuova edizione rivista di prossima pubblicazione, Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Flora, P. (1986), Introduction, in P. Flora (a cura di), Growth to Limits. The Western European Welfare States since World War II, Berlin/New York, De Gruytes, pp. XI–XXXVI.Google Scholar
Flora, P. e Alber, J. (1981), Modernization, Democratization and the Development of Welfare States in Western Europe, in P. Flora e A.J. Heidenheimer (a cura di), The Development of Welfare State in Europe and America, New Brunswick, Transaction, pp. 37–80, trad. it. Lo Sviluppo del welfare state in Europa e in America, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1983.Google Scholar
Flora, P., Kuhnle, S. e Urwin, D. (a cura di) (2000), State Formation, Nation Building and Mass Politics in Europe. The Theory of Stein Rokkan, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Friedman, K.V. (1981), Legitimation of Social Rights and the Welfare State: a Weberian Perspective, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Giubboni, S. (1997), Cittadinanza comunitaria e sicurezza sociale: un profilo critico, in «Argomenti di diritto del lavoro», n. 6, pp. 67–126.Google Scholar
Hagen, K. (1999), Towards a Europeanization of Social Policies? A Scandinavian Perspective, in Mire, Comparing Social Welfare System in Nordic Europe and France, vol. 4, Paris, pp. 661–687.Google Scholar
Heclo, H. (1974), Modern Social Politics in Britain and Sweden, New Haven, Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Heclo, H. (1981), Towards a New Welfare State, in P. Flora e AJ. Heidenheimer (a cura di), The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America, New Brunswick, Transaction, pp. 137–180, trad. it. Lo sviluppo del welfare state in Europa e in America, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1983.Google Scholar
Hermans, H. (2000), Assistenza sanitaria transfrontaliera e conseguenze delle sentenze Dekker e Kohll, in «Politiche sanitarie», no. 2, pp. 56–63.Google Scholar
Hirschman, A.O. (1970), Exit, Voice and Loyalty, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kautto, M. et al. (1999), Nordic Social Policy: changing Welfare States, London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Korpi, W. (1980), Social Policy and Distributional Conflict in the Capitalist Democracies. A Preliminary Comparative Framework, in «West European Politics», vol. III, no. 3, pp. 296–316.Google Scholar
Krasner, S. (1999), Sovereignty: Organised Hypocrisy, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Laponce, J. (1974), Hirschman's voice and exit model as a spatial archetype, in «Social Science Information», vol. XIII, no. 3, pp. 67–81.Google Scholar
Leibfried, S. e Pierson, P. (a cura di) (1995), European Social Policy between Fragmentation and Integration, Washington D.C., Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Leibfried, S. e Pierson, P. (2000), Social Policy, in W. Wallace e H. Wallace (a cura di) Policy Making in the EU, fourth edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 267–293.Google Scholar
Lipset, S.M. e Rokkan, S. (1967), Party Systems and Voter Alignments, New York, The Free Press.Google Scholar
Mair, P. (1998), I conflitti politici in Europa. Persistenza e mutamento, in «Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica», n. 3, pp. 425–450.Google Scholar
Marshall, T.H. (1950), Citizenship and Social Class, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Maurer, A. (1982), Switzerland, in Koehler, P.A. e Zacher, H.F. (a cura di), The Evolution of Social Insurance 1881-1981, London, Pinter, pp. 93–148.Google Scholar
Myles, J. e Pierson, P. (1999), The Comparative Political Economy of Pension Reform, Eui Seminar Paper (di prossima pubblicazione in Pierson 2000).Google Scholar
Palier, B. (1999), Reformer La Securité Sociale, These de Doctorat, Paris, Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris.Google Scholar
Perrin, G. (1969), Reflections on Fifty Years of Social Security, in «International Labour Review», 99, pp. 242–292.Google Scholar
Pierson, P. (2000), The New Politics of the Welfare State, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rimlinger, G. (1971), Welfare Policy and Industrialisation on Europe, North America and Russia, New York, Wiley.Google Scholar
Rokkan, S. (1970), Citizens, Elections, Parties, New York, Mc Kay, trad. it. Cittadini, elezioni, partiti, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1983.Google Scholar
Rokkan, S. (1973), Entries, Voices, Exits: Towards a Possible Generalization of the Hirschman Model, in «Social Sciences Information», 13 (1), pp. 39–53.Google Scholar
Rokkan, S. (1974), Dimension of State Formation and Nation Building, in C. Tilly (a cura di), The Formation of National States in Western Europe, Princeton, Princeton University Press, trad. it. La formazione degli stati nazionali in Europa, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1984.Google Scholar
Saint Jours, Y. (1982), France, in P.A. Koehler e H.F. Zacher (a cura di), (1982), The Evolution of Social Insurance 1881-1981, London, Pinter, pp. 93–148.Google Scholar
Scharpf, F. e Schmidt, V. (a cura di) (2000), Welfare and Work in Open Economies, 2 vols., Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shoukens, P. (a cura di) (1997), Prospects of Social Security Co-ordination, Leuven, Acco.Google Scholar
Swiss Re-insurance Company (1998), Financial Difficulties of Public Pension Schemes: Market Potential for Life Insurers, Zurich, prospect no. 8 of Sigma.Google Scholar
Tarello, G. (1988), Storia della cultura giuridica moderna. Assolutismo e codificazione del diritto, Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Therborn, G. (1989), Pillarization and Popular Movements. Two Variants of Welfare State Capitalism: the Netherlands and Sweden, in Castles, F.G. (a cura di), The Comparative History of Public Policy, New York, Oxford University Press, pp. 192–241.Google Scholar
Zincone, G. (1992), Da sudditi a cittadini, Bologna, Il Mulino.Google Scholar