¹ In 1997, the Press published Essays in French Colonial History: Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting of the French Colonial Society, ed. Johnston, A. J. B.. It also issues annually French Colonial History: The Journal of the French Colonial Historical Society.Google Scholar

² For a brief overview of the French-Canadian school and its critics see Rule, John C., ‘The Old Regime in America: A Review of Recent Interpretations of France in America’, William and Mary Quarterly 19/4 (1962), 586–595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

³ Moogk, Peter N., ‘Thieving Buggers and Stupid Sluts: Insults and Popular Culture in New France’, William and Mary Quarterly 36/4, 3rd Series (1979), 524–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴ Idem, ‘Reluctant Exiles: Emigrants from France in Canada before 1760’, William And Mary Quarterly 46/3 (1989), 463–505CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Idem, ‘Manon's Fellow Exiles: Emigration from France to North America before 1763’, in Nicholas, Canny ed., Europeans on the Move: Studies on European Migration (Oxford, 1994), 236–260.Google Scholar

⁵ Dechène, Louise, Habitant and Merchants in Seventeenth-Century Montreal, trans. Liana Vardi (Montreal and Kingston,1992), xvii.Google Scholar

⁶ See, for instance Moogk, ‘Thieving Buggers and Stupid Sluts’; or Idem, ‘Rank in New France: Reconstructing a Society from Notorial Documents’, Histoire Sociale/Social History 15 (1975), 34–53.Google Scholar

⁷ Louder, Dean, ‘Review of La Nouvelle France: The Making of French Canada - A Cultural History’, The Journal of American History 88/2 (2001), 620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁸ Since the 1970s, a great number of scholars have produced research showing that the European settlers in New France yearned to recreate institutions which reflected the model they had left on the other side of the Atlantic. See, for instance Louise Dechêne, Habitants and Merchants in Seuenteenth-Century Montreal, esp. xiv.

⁹ Mathieu, Jacques, La Nouvelle-France: Les Français en Amérique du Nord, XVIe-XVIII siècle (Québec, 1991), 113.Google Scholar

¹⁰ For a survey of Francis Parkman's view of French Canada, see Eccles, W.J., ‘The History of New France According to Francis Parkman’, William and Mary Quarterly 18/2, 3rd Series (1961), 163–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹¹ Innis, Harold, The Fur Trade in Canada (New Haven, 1930).Google Scholar For a brief description of this theme in the historiography of New France, see: Dechêne, Louise, ‘Coup d'Oeil sur I'Historiographie de la Nouvelle France’, Etudes Canadiennes/Canadian Studies (1977), 45–57.Google Scholar

¹² Dechêne, Habitants and Merchants in Seuenteenth-Century Montreal, 90–125. For a counter-opinion to Dechêne's analysis of the fur trade, see: Charbonneau, Hubert, ‘A Propos de Démographie Urbaine en Nouvelle-France’, Revue d'Histoire de I'Amérique française 30/2 (1976), 265–266.Google Scholar

¹³ Eccles, W.J., The Canadian Frontier, 1534–1760 (Albuquerque, 1974), 94.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Such topics have already been thoroughly examined in a number of works. See, for instance: Dickason, Olive Patricia, The Myth of the Savage and the Beginnings of French Colonialism in the Americas (Edmonton, 1984);Google Scholar and Jaenen, Cornelius, Friend and Foe: Aspects of French-Amerindians Cultural Contact in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (Toronto, 1976).Google Scholar

¹⁵ The episode leading to the death of Adam Dollard des Ormeaux has generated various interpretations. See Dickinson, J.A.‘Annaotaha et Dollard Vus de l'Autre Côte dé la Palissade’, Revue d'Histoire de I'Amérique française 35 (1981), 163–178;CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Trigger, Bruce, Natives and New comers: Canada's ‘Heroic Age’ Reconsidered (Montreal and Kingston, 1985), 281–283.Google Scholar

¹⁶ Johnston, A.J.B., ‘L'Ordre à Louisbourg: Mesures de Controle dans une Société Coloniale Française, 1713–1758’ (Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Department of History, Universite Laval, Quebec, 1999). This work was written under the supervision of Jacques Mathieu.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Johnston's work on the subject includes among others, ‘The Frères de la Charité and The Louisbourg Hôpital du Roi’, Study Sessions: Canadian Catholic Historical Association 48 (1981), 5–25;Google Scholar‘The Fishermen of Eighteenth-Century Cape Breton: Numbers and Origins’, Nova Scotia Historical Review 9/1 (1989), 62–72;Google Scholar‘From Port De Pêche to Ville Fortifiée: The Evolution of Urban Louisbourg, 1713–1758’, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the French Colonial Historical Society 17 (1991), 24–43;Google Scholar‘The People of Eighteenth-Century Louisbourg’, Nova Scotia Historical Review 11/2 (1991), 75–86Google Scholar; Life and Religion at Louisbourg, 1713–1758 (Reprint, 1984, Montreal and Kingston, 1996); ‘To Mark and to Celebrate: Commemoration Efforts at Eighteenth-Century Louisbourg’, French Colonial History 1 (2002), 161–175;CrossRefGoogle Scholar‘Alcohol Consumptionin Eighteenth-Century Louisbourg and the Vain Attempts to Control It’, French Colonial History 2 (2002), 61–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹⁸ Beik, William, Absolutism and Society in Seventeenth-Century France: State Powerand Provincial Aristocracy in Languedoc (Cambridge, 1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹⁹ Mettam, Roger, Power and Faction in Louis XIV's France (New York, 1988).Google Scholar

²⁰ Godelier, Maurice, L'ldéel et le Matériel: Pensée, Économies, Sociétés (Paris, 1984).Google Scholar

²¹ See, for instance: Stuart, Kathy, Defiled Trades and Social Outcast Honor and Ritual Pollution in Early Modern Germany (New York, 1999).Google Scholar

²² Diamond, Sigmund, ‘An Experiment in “Feudalism”: French Canada in the Seventeenth Century’, William and Mary Quarterly 18/1, 3rd Series (1961), 33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar