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DREAMS AND POLITICAL IMAGINATION IN COLONIAL BUGANDA*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2017

JONATHON L. EARLE*
Affiliation:
Centre College, Kentucky

Abstract

This article explores the intellectual history of dreaming practices in the eastern African kingdom of Buganda. Whereas Muslim dissenters used their dreams to challenge colonial authority following the kingdom's late nineteenth-century religious wars, political historians such as Apolo Kaggwa removed the political practice of dreaming from Buganda's official histories to deplete the visionary archives from which dissenters continued to draw. Kaggwa's strategy, though, could only be pressed so far. Recently unearthed vernacular sources show that Christian activists, such as Erieza Bwete and Eridadi Mulira, continued to marshal their dreams and literacy to imagine competing visions of Buganda's colonial monarchy. Earlier scholars had argued that modernity and literacy would displace the political function of dreams. This article, by contrast, proposes that sleeping visions took on new, more complicated meanings throughout the twentieth century. Literacy offered new technologies to expound upon the political implications of dreams and a vast repository of symbols to enrich interpretative performances.

Type
Disputing Political Power in Buganda
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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Footnotes

*

I wish to thank Ssalongo George Mpanga Lutwama, Sarah Holloway, and the two anonymous reviewers for their critical suggestions. Any omissions are my own. Author's email: jonathon.earle@centre.edu

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58 The most insightful works on modern Buganda, while providing indispensible analyses of the kingdom's long history, do not explore the politics of dreams. See Wrigley, C., Kingship and State: The Buganda Dynasty (Cambridge, 1996)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Reid, R. J., Political Power in Pre-Colonial Buganda: Economy, Society & Welfare in the Nineteenth Century (Oxford, 2002)Google Scholar; Hanson, H. E., Landed Obligation: The Practice of Power in Buganda (Portsmouth, NH, 2003)Google Scholar; Médard, H., Le Royaume du Buganda au XIXes siècle: mutations politiques et religieuses d'un ancien état d'Afrique de l'Est (Paris, 2007)Google Scholar.

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62 The following narration is taken from loose manuscripts that I found amongst Erieza Bwete's private papers. Fragmented, disheveled, and difficult to decipher Luganda penmanship resulted in translation difficulties. The larger corpus from which I draw is taken from an account Bwete recorded much later in life (9 Oct. 1999). It is not certain to what extent Bwete wished to publish his later revision, or how accurately they represent the original dream.

63 Derek Peterson similarly argues that revivalists throughout eastern Africa in the interwar period used their dreams to envision alternative forms of political mobility and ethnic patriotisms. See Peterson, D. R., Ethnic Patriotism and the East African Revival: A History of Dissent, c. 1935–1972 (Cambridge, 2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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66 Emphasis added.

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74 Isabel Hofmeyr suggests that Pilgrim's Progress was first published in Luganda in 1896. It was translated by the Church Missionary Society and published by the Religious Tract Society. See Hofmeyr, I., The Portable Bunyan: A Transnational History of The Pilgrim's Progress (Princeton, 2004), 240Google Scholar. In 1927, a third edition was printed, in which Hamu Mukasa is pictured in two of the prominent illustrations. See Bunyan, John, Omutambuze, trans. Gordon, E. C. (3rd edn, Kampala, 1927)Google Scholar.

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79 Ibid.

80 Ibid .

81 Ibid . ‘Mulira, ndikufuula omuweereza wange mu bantu na buli ky'onoyagalanga nnaakikuko beranga’.

82 Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, 19.

83 Ibid . 20.

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96 Ibid . 15.

97 Ibid . 17.

98 Ibid . 2. The proverb, Ssaagala Agalamidde, ‘No more slumbers’ or ‘Wake up!’, was rhythmically sounded by drums throughout Buganda's nineteenth- and early to mid-twentieth-century kingdom by local chiefs and clan heads to call communities to serve in communal labour.

99 Uganda Eyogera, 30 Nov. 1954.