¹ A non-exhaustive list includes Brennan, J. R., ‘The secret lives of Dennis Phombeah: decolonization, the Cold War, and African political intelligence, 1953–1974’, The International History Review, 43:1 (2021), 153–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Brennan, J. R., ‘The Cold War battle over global news in East Africa: decolonization, the free flow of information, and the media business, 1960–1980’, Journal of Global History, 10:2 (2015), 333–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Burton, E., ‘Hubs of decolonization: African liberation movements and ‘eastern’ connections in Cairo, Accra, and Dar es Salaam’, in Dallywater, L., Saunders, C., and Fonseca, H. Adegar, Southern African Liberation Movements and the Global Cold War ‘East’: Transnational Activism 1960–1990 (Berlin, 2019)Google Scholar; Ivaska, A., ‘Leveraging alternatives: early FRELIMO, the Soviet Union, and the infrastructure of African political exile’, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, 41:1 (2021), 11–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Ivaska, A., ‘Liberation in transit: Eduardo Mondlane and Che Guevara in Dar es Salaam’, in Jian, C. et al. (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of the Global Sixties: Between Protest and Nation Building (London, 2017)Google Scholar; Lal, P., African Socialism in Postcolonial Tanzania: Between the Village and the World (Cambridge, 2015)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Markle, S., A Motorcycle on Hell's Run: Tanzania, Black Power, and the Uncertain Future of Pan-Africanism (East Lansing, 2017)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Williams, C., National Liberation in Postcolonial Southern Africa: An Historical Ethnography of SWAPO's Exile Camps (Cambridge, 2017)Google Scholar.

² The ‘Mwongozo Guidelines’ issued by Nyerere and TANU's national executive committee in Feb. 1971, was a document designed to enshrine the ruling party as the embodiment of all that was ‘revolutionary’ about Tanzania.

³ In the wake of Arne Westad's The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times (Cambridge, 2005), key works in this global turn in studies of the Cold War include Kwon, H., The Other Cold War (New York, 2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Luthi, L., Cold Wars: Asia, the Middle East, Europe (Cambridge, 2020)CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and Suri, J., Power and Protest: Global Revolution and the Rise of Détente (Cambridge, MA, 2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁴ Lal, African Socialism in Postcolonial Tanzania.

⁵ Shivji, I., et al. , ‘Tanzania: the silent class struggle’, special issue of Cheche (1970)Google Scholar, journal of the University Students’ African Revolutionary Front; and ‘Statement from the chairman’, in Cheche, 1 (1969), quoted in Shivji, I., ‘Rodney and Radicalism’, in Shivji, I., Intellectuals at the Hill: Essays and Talks, 1969–1993 (Dar es Salaam, 1996)Google Scholar.