Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-xq9c7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-11T03:17:35.941Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of liquid protein feed on growth performance and ruminal metabolism of growing lambs fed low-quality forage and compared to conventional protein sources

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 September 2019

R. Chegini ,
M. Kazemi-Bonchenari Open the ORCID record for M. Kazemi-Bonchenari [Opens in a new window] ,
A. H. Khaltabadi-Farahani ,
M. Khodaei-Motlagh  and
A. Z. M. Salem
R. Chegini
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
M. Kazemi-Bonchenari*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
A. H. Khaltabadi-Farahani
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
M. Khodaei-Motlagh
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
A. Z. M. Salem
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Autonomous University of the State Mexico, Toluca, México
*
Author for correspondence: M. Kazemi-Bonchenari, E-mail: m-kazemibonchenari@araku.ac.ir and mehdi_kazemi59@yahoo.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The present study was conducted to assess the inclusion of liquid protein feed (maize steep liquor; MSL) in growing lambs fed low-quality forage (400 g/kg wheat straw, dry mater basis) compared with two protein sources (soybean meal; SBM, and cottonseed meal; CSM). Eighteen male Farahani lambs, average body weight 36 ± 3.3 kg, were allocated to individual pens for 9 weeks. Three protein sources were: (1) MSL; (2) SBM and (3) CSM. Feed intakes did not differ among treatments. Growth rate and feed conversion ratio were improved in SBM-fed lambs. Nitrogen efficiency was improved in MSL v. CSM-fed lambs. Digestibility of fibre was enhanced in lambs fed SBM diet. Ruminal short chain fatty acid was highest in lambs fed SMB and lowest in lambs fed CSM. The urinary allantoin concentration was greater in SBM-fed lambs, with improved microbial crude protein synthesis. Blood urea nitrogen tended to be reduced in SBM-fed lambs. Dressing percentage improved in SBM-fed lambs. Lambs fed with SBM also grew faster and more efficiently than lambs fed either of the other two diets. However, regardless of the positive effects of SBM on the performance and ruminal fermentation profile observed in the current study, the MSL diet could be a profitable protein source in comparison to CSM in growing lambs fed low-quality forage. In conclusion, the present study indicates a positive outlook for feeding a liquid protein source to growing lambs fed low-quality forage such as wheat straw.

Keywords

Alternative feedgrowth performanceliquid proteinlow-quality foragenitrogen efficiency
Type
Animal Research Paper
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 157 , Issue 3 , April 2019 , pp. 272 - 280
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, MS, Bradford, BJ and Oba, M (2009) Board-invited review: the hepatic oxidation theory of the control of feed intake and its application to ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 87, 3317–3334.Google Scholar
Antongiovanni, M, Acciaoli, A, Grifoni, F, Martini, A and Ponzetta, P (1991) Effects of wheat straw treated with ammonia from urea hydrolysis in lamb diets. Small Ruminant Research 6, 39–47.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) (1995) Official Methods of Analysis, 16th Edn. Arlington, VA, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Google Scholar
Atti, N and Mahouachi, M (2011) The effects of diet, slaughter weight and docking on growth, carcass composition and meat quality of fat-tailed Barbarine lambs. A review. Tropical Animal Health and Production 43, 1371–1378.Google Scholar
Azizi-Shotorkhoft, A, Sharifi, A, Mirmohammadi, D, Baluch-Gharaei, H and Rezaei, J (2016) Effects of feeding different levels of corn steep liquor on the performance of fattening lambs. Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 100, 109–117.Google Scholar
Batista, ED, Detmann, E, Titgemeyer, EC, Valadares Filho, SC, Valadares, RFD, Prates, LL, Rennó, LN and Paulino, MF (2016) Effects of varying ruminally undegradable protein supplementation on forage digestion, nitrogen metabolism, and urea kinetics in Nellore cattle fed low-quality tropical forage. Journal of Animal Science 94, 201–216.Google Scholar
Beauchemin, KA, McClelland, LA, Jones, SDM and Kozub, GC (1995) Effects of crude protein content, protein degradability and energy concentration of the diet on growth and carcass characteristics of market lambs fed high concentrate diets. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 75, 387–395.Google Scholar
Bergman, EN (1990) Energy contributions of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species. Physiological Reviews 70, 567–590.Google Scholar
Bowman, JGP, Sowell, BF and Paterson, JA (1995) Liquid supplementation for ruminants fed low quality forage diets: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 55, 105–138.Google Scholar
Broderick, GA and Kang, JH (1980) Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science 63, 64–75.Google Scholar
Cebra, CK, Garry, FB, Getzy, DM and Fettman, MJ (1997) Hepatic lipidosis in anorectic lactating Holstein cattle. a retrospective study of serum biochemical abnormalities. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 11, 231–237.Google Scholar
Chen, XB and Gomes, MJ (1992) Estimation of Microbial Protein Supply to Sheep and Cattle Based on Urinary Excretion of Purine Derivatives: An Overview of Technical Details. Occasional Publication. Aberdeen, UK: Rowett Research Institute.Google Scholar
Chen, XB, Mejia, AT, Kyle, DJ and Ørskov, ER (1995) Evaluation of the use of the purine derivative: creatinine ratio in spot urine and plasma samples as an index of microbial protein supply in ruminants: studies in sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 125, 137–143.Google Scholar
Craddock, BF, Field, RA and Riley, ML (1974) Effect of protein and energy levels on lamb carcass composition. Journal of Animal Science 39, 325–330.Google Scholar
Dabiri, N and Thonney, ML (2004) Source and level of supplemental protein for growing lambs. Journal of Animal Science 82, 3237–3244.Google Scholar
David, DB, Poli, CHEC, Savian, JV, Amaral, GA, Azevedo, EB and Jochims, F (2015) Urinary creatinine as a nutritional and urinary volume marker in sheep fed with tropical or temperate forages. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 67, 1009–10015.Google Scholar
DePeters, EJ and Ferguson, JD (1992) Nonprotein nitrogen and protein distribution in the milk of cows. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 3192–3209.Google Scholar
Eghbali, M, Kafilzadeh, F, Hozhabri, F, Afshar, S and Kazemi-Bonchenari, M (2011) Treating canola meal changes in situ degradation, nutrient apparent digestibility, and protein fractions in sheep. Small Ruminant Research 96, 136–139.Google Scholar
Elwakeel, EA, Titgemeyer, EC, Drouillard, JS and Armendariz, CK (2007) Evaluation of ruminal nitrogen availability in liquid feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology 137, 163–181.Google Scholar
Esquivelzeta, C, Casellas, J, Fina, M and Piedrafita, J (2012) Backfat thickness and longissimus dorsi real-time ultrasound measurements in light lambs. Journal of Animal Science 90, 5047–5055.Google Scholar
Folch, J, Lees, M and Sloane-Stanley, GH (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497–503.Google Scholar
Gorosito, AR, Russell, JB and Van Soest, PJ (1985) Effect of carbon-4 and carbon-5 volatile fatty acids on digestion of plant cell wall in vitro. Journal of Dairy Science 68, 840–847.Google Scholar
Griswold, KE, Hoover, WH, Miller, TK and Thayne, WV (1996) Effect of form of nitrogen on growth of ruminal microbes in continuous culture. Journal of Animal Science 74, 483–491.Google Scholar
Griswold, KE, Apgar, GA, Bouton, J and Firkins, JL (2003) Effects of urea infusion and ruminal degradable protein concentration on microbial growth, digestibility, and fermentation in continuous culture. Journal of Animal Science 81, 329–336.Google Scholar
Hocquette, JF, Ortigues-Marty, I, Pethick, D, Herpin, P and Fernandez, X (1998) Nutritional and hormonal regulation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscles of meat-producing animals. Livestock Production Science 56, 115–143.Google Scholar
Horton, GMJ, Nicholson, HH and Christensen, DA (1982) Ammonia and sodium hydroxide treatment of wheat straw in diets for fattening steers. Animal Feed Science and Technology 7, 1–10.Google Scholar
Iranian Council of Animal Care (1995) Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals, vol. 1. Isfahan, Iran: Isfahan University of Technology.Google Scholar
Kazemi-Bonchenari, M, Mirzaei, M, Jahani-Moghadam, M, Soltani, A, Mahjoubi, E and Patton, RA (2016) Interactions between levels of heat-treated soybean meal and prilled fat on growth, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites of Holstein calves. Journal of Animal Science 94, 4267–4275.Google Scholar
Kazemi-Bonchenari, M, Salem, AZM and Lopez, S (2017) Influence of barley grain particle size and treatment with citric acid on digestibility, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in Holstein calves. Animal: An International Journal of Animal Bioscience 11, 1295–1302.Google Scholar
Kazemi-Bonchenari, M, Falahati, R, Poorhamdollah, M, Heidari, SR and Pezeshki, A (2018) Essential oils improved weight gain, growth and feed efficiency of young dairy calves fed 18 or 20% crude protein starter diets. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 102, 652–661.Google Scholar
Khorasani, GR, Sauer, WC, Ozimek, L and Kennelly, JJ (1990) Digestion of soybean meal and canola meal protein and amino acids in the digestive tract of young ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 68, 3421–3428.Google Scholar
Licitra, G, Hernandez, TM and Van Soest, PJ (1996) Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology 57, 347–358.Google Scholar
Males, JR (1987) Optimizing the utilization of cereal crop residues for beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science 65, 1124–1130.Google Scholar
Nagaraja, TG and Lechtenberg, KF (2007) Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 23, 351–369.Google Scholar
National Research Council (2001) Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th revised Edn. Washington, DC, USA: National Academies Press.Google Scholar
National Research Council (2007) Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. Washington, DC, USA: National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Ørskov, ER and Ryle, M (1990) Energy Nutrition in Ruminants, 1st Edn. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers, Ltd.Google Scholar
Penner, GB, Beauchemin, KA and Mutsvangwa, T (2007) Severity of ruminal acidosis in primiparous Holstein cows during the periparturient period. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 365–375.Google Scholar
Prado, IN, Campo, MM, Muela, E, Valero, MV, Catalan, O, Olleta, JL and Sañudo, C (2014) Effects of castration age, dietary protein level and lysine/methionine ratio on animal performance, carcass and meat quality of Friesian steers intensively reared. Animal: An International Journal of Animal Bioscience 8, 1561–1568.Google Scholar
Reynal, SM, Ipharraguerre, IR, Liñeiro, M, Brito, AF, Broderick, GA and Clark, JH (2007) Omasal flow of soluble proteins, peptides, and free amino acids in dairy cows fed diets supplemented with proteins of varying ruminal degradabilities. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 1887–1903.Google Scholar
Reynolds, CK, Aikman, PC, Lupoli, B, Humphries, DJ and Beever, DE (2003) Splanchnic metabolism of dairy cows during the transition from late gestation through early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 1201–1217.Google Scholar
Ribeiro-Filho, CC and Trenkle, A (2002) Evaluation of feeding value of the corn steep liquor as an energy and protein source for finishing cattle diets. Journal of Animal Science 80(suppl. 1), 232–238.Google Scholar
Salisbury, MW, Krehbiel, CR, Ross, TT, Schultz, CL and Melton, LL (2004) Effects of supplemental protein type on intake, nitrogen balance, and site, and extent of digestion in whiteface wethers consuming low-quality grass hay. Journal of Animal Science 82, 3567–3576.Google Scholar
Schingoenthe, DJ (1976) Whey utilization in animal feeding: a summary and evaluation. Journal of Dairy Science 59, 556–570.Google Scholar
Van Kuelen, J and Young, BA (1977) Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. Journal of Animal Science 44, 282–287.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB and Lewi, BA (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15483174.Google Scholar
Walker, RS, LaMay, D, Davis, JR and Bandyk, CA (2013) Method of feeding a liquid-protein supplement with low- to medium-quality hay affects hay waste and cow performance. The Professional Animal Scientists 29, 552–558.Google Scholar
Wang, Z, Cui, Y, Liu, P, Zhao, Y, Wang, L, Liu, Y and Xie, J (2017) Small peptides isolated from enzymatic hydrolyzate of fermented soybean meal promote endothelium-independent vasorelaxation and ACE inhibition. Journal of Agricultural Food and Chemistry 65, 10844–10850.Google Scholar
Wickersham, EE, Shirley, JE, Titgemeyer, EC, Brouck, MJ, DeFrain, JM, Park, AF, Johnson, DE and Ethington, RT (2004) Response of lactating dairy cows to diets containing wet corn gluten feed or a raw soybean hull-corn steep liquor pellet. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 3899–3911. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15483174.Google Scholar
Zhao, YG, Gordon, AW, O'Connell, EO and Yan, T (2016) Nitrogen utilization efficiency and prediction of nitrogen excretion in sheep offered fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Journal of Animal Science 94, 5321–5331.Google Scholar