Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-rkxrd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T13:55:55.216Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Glomus intraradix effects on citrus rootstock seedling growth in various potting media

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

S. Nemec
Affiliation:
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Orlando, Florida 32803, USA

Summary

Five potting media components mixed in various combinations and in various percentages of one with another (0, 14·3, 29, 42, 57, 71 and 100% by volume of the second component with the first) were inoculated with Glomus intraradix in six experiments. Seedlings of citrus rootstocks were grown from seed in these mixes. Sour orange in inoculated peat plus vermiculite, Astatula fine sand plus vermiculite, and peat plus Perlite® in all percentage combinations grew c. two- to threefold taller than noninoculated control plants. Up to twofold growth increases of sour orange occurred in vermiculite amended with wood shavings. The best evidence for fungus-mediated plant growth occurred in Astatula fine sand amended with 29–71% Perlite, and the roots in that combination had the highest percentage of infection. In another experiment in which Astatula fine sand was amended with up to 16% of an acid peat, ratios of inoculated rough lemon plant growth to controls decreased as the peat content in the medium increased. Top and root weight ratios of inoculated:control seedlings in the six experiments did not fit four simple linear models.

Type
Crops and Soils
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Biermann, B. J. & Linderman, R. G. (1983). Effect of container plant growth medium and fertilizer phosphorus on establishment and host growth response to vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 108, 962971.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, P., Campbell, K. M. & Scott, T. M. (1986). An Overview of Peat in Florida and Related Issues. Special Publication No. 27. Tallahassee, Florida: Florida Geological Survey.Google Scholar
Carlisle, V. W., Soder, F., Collins, M. E., Hammond, L. C. & Harris, W. G. (1988). Characterization Data for Selected Florida Soils. University of Florida Soil Science Department Research Report No. 88–1. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida.Google Scholar
Castle, W. S. & Ferguson, J. J. (1982). Current status of greenhouse and container production of citrus nursery trees in Florida. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 95, 4246.Google Scholar
Chambers, C. A., Smith, S. E. & Smith, F. A. (1980). Effects of ammonium and nitrate ions on mycorrhizal infection, nodulation and growth of Trifolium subterraneum. New Phytologist 85, 4762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coltman, R. R., Waterer, D. R. & Huang, R. S. (1988). A simple method for production of Glomus aggregatum inoculum using controlled-release fertilizer. HortScience 23, 213215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dehne, H. W. & Backhaus, G. F. (1986). The use of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant production. I. Inoculum production. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 93, 415424.Google Scholar
Emerson, P. (1925). Soil Characteristics, a Field and Laboratory Guide. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Fardelmann, D. & McNabb, H. S. Jr (1981). Specificity of endogonaceae and seed size relationships in black walnut seedling production. In Proceedings of the Fifth North American Conference on Mycorrhizae. Quebec, Canada: Laval University.Google Scholar
Guttay, A. J. R. (1982). The growth of three woody plant species and the development of their mycorrhizae in three different plant composts. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 107, 324327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayman, D. (1981). Mycorrhiza and its significance in horticulture. Plantsman 2, 214224.Google Scholar
Hepper, C. M. & Warner, A. (1983). Role of organic matter in growth of a vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in soil. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 81, 155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoagland, D. R. & Arnon, D. I. (1950). The Water Culture Method for Growing Plants Without Soil. California Agricultural Experiment Station Circular No. 347. Berkeley: California Agricultural Experiment Station.Google Scholar
Johnson, C. R. (1984). Applications of VA mycorrhizal fungi in greenhouse crops: woody ornamentals. In Applications of Mycorrhizal Fungi in Crop Production (Ed. Ferguson, J. J.), pp. 5560. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science.Google Scholar
Johnson, C. R., Joiner, J. N. & Crews, C. E. (1980). Effects of N, K, and Mg on growth and leaf nutrient composition of three container grown woody ornamentals inoculated with mycorrhizae. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 105, 286288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, C. R., Jarrell, W. M. & Menge, J. A. (1984). Influence of ammonium nitrate rates and solution pH on mycorrhizal infection, photosynthesis, growth and nutrient composition of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Plant and Soil 11, 151157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maronek, D. M., Hendrix, J. W. & Kierman, J. (1980). Differential growth response to the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatus of southern magnolia and Bar Harbor juniper grown in containers in composted hardwood bark-shale. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 105, 206208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maronek, D. M., Hendrix, J. W. & Stevens, C. D. (1981). Fertility–mycorrhizal–isolate interactions in the production of containerized pin oak seedlings. Scientia Horticulture 15, 283289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marx, D. H. & Schenck, N. C. (1983). Potential of mycorrhizal symbiosis in agricultural and forest productivity. In Challenging Problems in Plant Healt (Eds Kommendahl, T. & Williams, P. H.), pp. 334347. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society.Google Scholar
Menge, J. A. (1983). Utilization of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agriculture. Canadian Journal of Botany 61, 10151024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menge, J. A., Steirle, D., Bagydraj, P. J., Johnson, E. L. V. & Leonard, R. T. (1978). Phosphorus concentrations in plants responsible for inhibition of mycorrhizal infection. New Phytologist 80, 575578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menge, J., Labanauskas, C. K., Johnson, E. L. V. & Sibert, D. (1979). Problems with the utilization of mycorrhizal fungi in the production of containerized citrus in the nursery or greenhouse. In Proceedings of the Fourth North American Conference on Mycorrhizae (Abstract). Ft. Collins: Colorado State University.Google Scholar
Menge, J. A., Jarrell, W. M., Labanauskas, C. K.., Ojala, J. C., Hiesar, C., Johnson, E. L. V. & Sibert, D. (1982). Predicting mycorrhizal dependency of Troyer citrange on Glomus fasciculatus in California citrus soils and nursery mixes. Soil Science Society of America Journal 46, 762768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mosse, B. (1972). Effect of different Endogone strains on the growth of Paspalum notatum. Nature, London 239, 221223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nemec, S. (1981). Growth of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal citrus in natural and artificial soils. In Proceedings of the Fifth North American Conference on Mycorrhizae, p. 55 (Abstract). Quebec, Canada: Laval University.Google Scholar
Nemec, S. (1984). Applications of VA mycorrhizal fungi in fruit crops – field inoculation. In Applications of Mycorrhizal Fungi in Crop Production (Ed. Ferguson, J. J.), pp. 3435. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.Google Scholar
Nemec, S. (1987). VA mycorrhizae in horticultural systems. In Ecophysiology of VA Mycorrhizal Plants (Ed. Safir, G. R.), pp. 193211. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Nemec, S. (1988). Applications of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant production. In Proceedings of the Sixth National Citrus Seminar, pp. 1024. New Delhi: Indian Society of Citriculture.Google Scholar
Olsen, S. R., Cole, C. V., Watanabe, F. S. & Dean, L. A. (1954). Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate. Circular No. 939. Beltsville, Maryland: United States Department of Agriculture.Google Scholar
Phillips, J. M. & Hayman, D. S. (1970). Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 55, 158161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pittenger, D. R. (1986). Potting soil label information is inadequate. California Agriculture 40, 68.Google Scholar
Plenchette, C, Furlan, V. & Fortin, J. A. (1982). Effects of different endomycorrhizal fungi on five host plants grown on calcined montmorillonite clay. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 107, 535538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plenchette, C., Furlan, V. & Fortin, J. A. (1983). Responses of endomycorrhizal plants grown in a calcined montmorillonite clay to different levels of soluble phosphorus. II. Effect of nutrient uptake. Canadian Journal of Botany 61, 13841391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhodes, L. H. (1984). Applications of mycorrhizal fungi in crop production. In Applications of Mycorrhizal Fungi in Crop Production (Ed. Ferguson, J. J.), pp. 17. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science.Google Scholar
Schultz, R. C., Kormanik, P. P. & Bryan, W. C. (1979). Nutrient concentrations in VA and nonmycorrhizal hardwood seedlings grown with various symbionts and fertilizer regimes. In Proceedings of the Fourth North American Conference on Mycorrhizae (Abstract). Ft. Collins: Colorado State University.Google Scholar