Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-c9gpj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-13T01:19:43.336Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effect of mid-line or low-line milking systems on lipolysis and milk composition in dairy goats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 October 2018

M. C. Beltrán*
Affiliation:
Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera, s/n. 46022 València, Spain
A. Manzur
Affiliation:
Departamento de Rumiantes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Ctra. Tuxtla-Ejido Emiliano Zapata, km 8, Mexico
M. Rodríguez
Affiliation:
Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera, s/n. 46022 València, Spain
J. R. Díaz
Affiliation:
Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel, Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
C. Peris
Affiliation:
Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera, s/n. 46022 València, Spain
*
Author for correspondence: M.C. Beltrán, E-mail: mbeltran@dca.upv.es

Abstract

Two experiments were carried out to investigate how milking in mid-line (ML) affects the lipolysis level and milk composition in goat livestock, in comparison with low-line (LL) milking. The first experiment took place, in triplicate, on an experimental farm. For each replicate, a crossover design (62 goats, two treatments, ML and LL, in two periods each lasting 4 days) was used. Milk samples were taken daily at 0 and 24 h after milking. In the first experimental replicate, some enzymatic coagulation cheeses were made, which were assessed by a panel of tasters at 50 and 100 days of maturation. In the second experiment, the lipolysis level and composition of tank milk from 55 commercial dairy goat farms (25 ML and 30 LL) were analysed, in milk samples taken in three different weeks. The results of the first experiment showed that ML milking increased free fatty acid (FFA) concentration in raw goat's milk significantly (0.71 v. 0.40 mmol/l, respectively). However, in the milk samples taken from commercial farms the FFA concentration remained unaffected by the milking pipeline height (0.59 v. 0.58 mmol/l for ML and LL, respectively). No significant differences were found in the milk composition, nor in the sensory characteristics in the cured cheeses, which suggests that factors other than the milkline height are able to influence the level of lipolysis under commercial conditions. Therefore, ML milking should not be discouraged, provided that the correct functioning and management of the milking operation and milk storage on the farm is guaranteed.

Type
Animal Research Paper
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abeni, F, Degano, L, Calza, F, Giangiacomo, R and Pirlo, G (2005) Milk quality and automatic milking: fat globule size, natural creaming and lipolysis. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 35193529.Google Scholar
Chen, L, Daniel, RM and Coolbear, T (2003) Detection and impact of proteose and lipase activities in milk and milk powders. International Dairy Journal 13, 255275.Google Scholar
Chilliard, Y, Selselet-Attou, G, Bas, P and Morand-Fehr, P (1984) Characteristics of lipolytic system in goat milk. Journal of Dairy Science 67, 22162223.Google Scholar
Chilliard, Y, Ferlay, A, Rouel, J and Lamberet, G (2003) A review of nutritional and physiological factors affecting goat milk lipid synthesis and lipolysis. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 17511770.Google Scholar
Chilliard, Y, Toral, PG, Shingfield, KJ, Rouel, J, Leroux, C and Bernard, L (2014) Effects of diet and physiological factors on milk fat synthesis, milk fat composition and lipolysis in the goat: a short review. Small Ruminant Research 122, 3137.Google Scholar
Collomb, M and Spahni, M (1995) Revue des méthodes de dosage des acides gras libres dans le lait et les produits laitiers. LWT – Food Science and Technology 28, 355379.Google Scholar
Deeth, HC (2006) Lipoprotein lipase and lipolysis in milk. International Dairy Journal 16, 555562.Google Scholar
Díaz, JR, Peris, C, Rodríguez, M, Molina, MP and Fernández, N (2004) Effect of milking pipeline height on machine milking efficiency and milk quality in sheep. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 16751683.Google Scholar
Escobar, GJ and Bradley, RL (1990) Effect of mechanical treatment on the free fatty acid content of raw milk. Journal of Dairy Science 73, 20542060.Google Scholar
Gargouri, A, Hamed, H and ElFeki, A (2008) Total and differential bulk cow milk somatic cell counts and their relation with lipolysis. Livestock Science 113, 274279.Google Scholar
Gudding, R and Lorentzen, P (1982) The influence of low-line and high-line milking plants on udder health and lipolysis. Nordisk Veterinaermedicin 34, 153157.Google Scholar
IDF (1991) Routine methods for determination of free fatty acids in milk. In Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Milk and Milk Products. Bulletin of the IDF 265. Brussels, Belgium: International Dairy Federation, pp. 2635.Google Scholar
IDF (2000) Whole Milk. Determination of Milkfat, Protein and Lactose Content. Guidance on the Operation of Mid-infrared Instruments (IDF Standard 141C). Brussels, Belgium: International Dairy Federation Standard.Google Scholar
ISO (2004) Sensory Analysis. Methodology. Triangle Test (ISO 4120:2004). Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization.Google Scholar
ISO (2007a) Milking Machine Installations – Vocabulary (ISO 3918:2007). Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization.Google Scholar
ISO (2007b) Milking Machine Installations – Construction and Performance (ISO 5707:2007). Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization.Google Scholar
ISO (2013) Microbiology of the Food Chain – Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Microorganisms-Part 1: Colony Count at 30 Degrees C by the Pour Plate Technique (ISO 4831-1:2013). Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization.Google Scholar
Judge, FJ, Fleming, MG, O'Shea, J and Raftery, TF (1977) Effect of milking pipeline height and excessive air admission at the claw on free fatty acid development in raw milk. Irish Journal of Agricultural Research 16, 115122.Google Scholar
Kaylegian, KE, Lynch, JM, Fleming, JR and Barbano, DM (2007) Lipolysis and proteolysis of modified and producer milks used for calibration of mid-infrared milk analyzers. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 602615.Google Scholar
Le Mens, P, Heuchel, V, Jubert, G, Bodin, JP, Sauvageot, F and Humbert, G (1997) Caractérisation et Origine des Défauts de Flaveur dans les Fromages de Chèvre. Compte Rendu de Fin d’étude no. 9983110 - Prog. Aliment. Paris, France: Institut de l'Elevage.Google Scholar
Littell, RC, Henry, PR and Ammerman, CB (1998). Statistical analysis of repeated measures data, using SAS procedures. Journal of Animal Science 76, 12161231.Google Scholar
Meffe, N (1994) La lipolyse dans le lait du vache: Bien en comprendre les mécanismes et les causes pour mieux la prévenir. Recueil de Médecin Vétérinaire, Spécial-Qualité du Lait 170, 399409.Google Scholar
Mikulová, M (2011) Content of free fatty acids, lipolytic bacteria and somatic cells in relation to milking technology. Journal of Agrobiology 28, 4954.Google Scholar
Ministerio de la Presidencia (2011) Real Decreto 752/2011, de 27 de mayo, por el que se establece la normativa básica de control que deben cumplir los agentes del sector de leche cruda de oveja y cabra, BOE-A-2011-9995. Boletín Oficial del Estado 137, 5860958631.Google Scholar
Morand-Fehr, P, Selselet Attou, G, Bas, P and Chilliard, Y (1983) Factors in milking conducive to lipolysis in goats’ milk. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Machine Milking of Small Ruminants (Eds Server-Cuesta). Valladolid, Spain, pp. 276284.Google Scholar
Morgan, F, Bodin, JP and Gaborit, P (2001) Lien entre le niveau de lipolyse du lait de chèvre et la qualité sensorielle des fromages au lait cru ou pasteurisé. Le Lait 81, 743756.Google Scholar
Ouattara, GC, Jeon, IJ, Hart-Thakur, RA and Schmidt, KA (2004) Fatty acids released from milk fat by lipoprotein lipase and lipolytic psychrotrophs. Journal of Food Science 69, C659C664.Google Scholar
Pillay, VT, Myhr, AN, Gray, JI and Biggs, DA (1980) Lipolysis in milk. II. Effect of milking systems. Journal of Dairy Science 63, 12191223.Google Scholar
Pirisi, A, Lauret, A and Dubeuf, JP (2007) Basic and incentive payments for goat and sheep milk in relation to quality. Small Ruminant Research 68, 167178.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, MD, Wiking, L, Bjerring, M and Larsen, HC (2006) Influence of air intake on the concentration of free fatty acids and vacuum fluctuations during automatic milking. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 45964605.Google Scholar
Robertson, NH, Dixon, A, Nowers, JH and Brink, DPS (1981) The influence of lipolysis, pH and homogenization on infrared readings for fat, protein and lactose. South African Journal of Dairy Technology 13, 37.Google Scholar
Skeie, SB (2014) Quality aspects of goat milk for cheese production in Norway: a review. Small Ruminant Research 122, 1017.Google Scholar
Strzalkowska, N, Józwik, A, Bagnicka, E, Krzyżewski, J, Horbańczuk, K, Pyzel, B, Sloniewska, D and Horbańczuk, JO (2010) The concentration of free fatty acids in goat milk as related to the stage of lactation, age and somatic cell count. Animal Science Papers and Reports 28, 389395.Google Scholar
Wiking, L, Frøst, MB, Larsen, LB and Nielsen, JH (2002) Effects of storage conditions on lipolysis, proteolysis and sensory attributes in high quality raw milk. Milchwissenschaft 57, 190194.Google Scholar
Wiking, L, Björk, L and Nielsen, JH (2003) Influence of feed composition on stability of fat globules during pumping of raw milk. International Dairy Journal 13, 797804.Google Scholar
Žan, M, Stibilj, V and Rogelj, I (2006) Milk fatty acid composition of goats grazing on alpine pasture. Small Ruminant Research 64, 4552.Google Scholar