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“Prospector and Jeweler”: Ayn Rand on the Relationship between Politics and Literature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2014

Abstract

The novels by Russian immigrant writer Ayn Rand (1905–82) still attract a large readership, not least thanks to a recent renaissance of libertarian ideas in the US. Was it Rand's intention, when writing her novels, to construct political tracts, as many insinuate, or was she indeed trying to imitate her literary idols, as she herself claimed? The answer is complicated due to Rand's own contradictory statements on fiction's impact. Although Rand suggested that it was the reader who gave text meaning, she also believed her books to have an unambiguous message that should have a distinct effect on the reader.

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Articles
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press and British Association for American Studies 2014 

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References

1 Tuccille, Jerome, It Usually Begins with Ayn Rand (New York: Stein and Day, 1971), 13Google Scholar.

2 Rand, Ayn, Atlas Shrugged (New York: Signet Books, 1996; first published 1957)Google Scholar. Page references are given parenthetically in the text.

3 Rand, Ayn, The Fountainhead (London: Penguin Books, 2007; first published 1943)Google Scholar. Page references are given parenthetically in the text.

4 Heller, Anne C., Ayn Rand and the World She Made (New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, and Auckland: Nan A. Talese, 2009), xiiGoogle Scholar.

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6 See press release by the Ayn Rand Institute, 21 Jan. 2010, at www.aynrand.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=24817.

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9 The two biographies in question are by Burns and Heller, cited above. A notable exception is also the work by scholar Mimi Reisel Gladstein; see for instance The New Ayn Rand Companion, rev. edn (Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Press, 1999); and Atlas Shrugged: Manifesto of the Mind (New York: Twayne Publishers, 2000).

10 Most notably Walker, Jeff, The Ayn Rand Cult (Chicago and La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1999)Google Scholar.

11 Best known are the biographies written by Rand's once closest disciples, Barbara and Nathaniel Branden: Branden, Barbara, The Passion of Ayn Rand (New York: Anchor Books, 1986)Google Scholar; and Branden, Nathaniel, My Years with Ayn Rand (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1999; first published 1989)Google Scholar. See also Smith, Tara, Ayn Rand's Normative Ethics: The Virtuous Egoist (New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006)Google Scholar. An interesting forum for Rand scholars is the Journal of Ayn Rand Studies, and Robert Mayhew coedited several volumes on Rand's prose, namely essays on Anthem, We the Living, The Fountainhead, and Atlas Shrugged (all published by Lexington Books).

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13 Harold Strauss, “Soviet Triangle”, New York Times, 19 April 1936, BR7.

14 Granville Hicks, “A Parable of Buried Talents,” New York Times, 13 Oct. 1957, 266.

15 Ibid.

16 Fletcher, Max E., “Harriet Martineau and Ayn Rand: Economics in the Guise of Fiction,” American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 33, 4 (1974), 367–79, 368Google Scholar.

17 Ibid., 367. Fletcher's arguments were addressed in two papers by Objectivist scholars, namely John B. Ridpath and James G. Lennox, the latter being cofounder of the Ayn Rand Society. See Ridpath, John B., “Fletcher's Views on the Novelist's Aesthetic Purpose in Writing,” American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 35, 2 (1976), 213–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Lennox, James G., “Fletcher's Oblique Attack on Ayn Rand's Economics and Ethics,” American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 35, 2 (1976), 217–24Google Scholar.

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23 Interestingly, her mentor Isabel Paterson came to a similar conclusion in her column “Turns with a Bookworm”: “The mere fact that a book does not sell is not a guarantee of literary quality.” Quoted in Cox, Stephen, “Representing Isabel Paterson,” American Literary History, 17, 2 (2005), 244–58, 252Google Scholar.

24 The pages dedicated to Vesta Dunning have been published in Rand, Ayn, The Early Ayn Rand: A Selection from Her Unpublished Fiction (New York: Signet, 2005; revised and expanded edition), 440–76Google Scholar.

25 Rand, The Early Rand, 443, cites the play as “Joan d'Arc.”

26 See also Peikoff, Leonard, “Editor's Preface,” in Rand, , The Early Ayn Rand, 431–39, 434Google Scholar.

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30 It is well established that the history of literature, particularly the history of the novel, cannot be discussed independently of that of the individual, ranging from the heroic individuals populating novels to the individual that crafts fictitious worlds for the secluded reader. For more thereon see Berman, Russell A., Fiction Sets You Free: Literature, Liberty, and Western Culture (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2008), 23Google Scholar; Zuckert, Catherine, “On Reading Classic American Novelists as Political Thinkers,” Journal of Politics, 43, 3 (1981), 683706, 692CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

31 Alternatively spelt “Gosizdat.”

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33 For a concise account of the changing publishing and translating policies in the 1920s and 1930s see Safiullina, Nailya and Platonov, Rachel, “Literary Translation and Soviet Cultural Politics in the 1930s: The Role of the Journal Internacional'naja literatura,” Russian Literature, 72, 2 (2012), 239–69Google Scholar, esp. 240–48.

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37 See, for instance, Nora Ephron's review in the New York Times: “I am forced to conclude that [The Fountainhead] is better read when one is young enough to miss the point … It is a ridiculous book. It is also quite obviously a book by an author whose previous work readers have missed the point of. It is impossible to miss the point of ‘Atlas Shrugged.’ Nevertheless, it is a book that cannot be put down, and therefore probably should not be picked up in the first place.” Nora Ephron, “A Strange Kind of Simplicity,” New York Times, 5 May 1968, BR8, 42.

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42 Clipping on file in the Isabel M. Paterson Papers, Box 6, at the Herber Hoover Presidential Library in West Branch, Iowa, page number no longer legible.

43 Letter to Ayn Rand from 21 March 1944; the letter is part of the Isabel Paterson Papers, Box 4, archived at the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library in West Branch, Iowa.

44 Ayn Rand, The Romantic Manifesto (New York: Signet Books, 1975; first published 1969), 201, emphasis in original. Page references are given parenthetically in the text.

45 Burns, 92, original emphasis.

46 Ibid., 95.

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51 Ayn Rand, The Ayn Rand Column: Written for the Los Angeles Times, rev. edn (New Milford, CT: Second Renaissance Books; first published 1991), 43. Subsequent page references are given parenthetically in the text.

52 Thus Rand in “Introduction to Calumet ‘K’,” The Objectivist, Oct. 1967, 6.

53 Samuel Merwin, Calumet “K” (Hamburg: tradition, 2006).

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