Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-r5zm4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-28T23:17:34.830Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Church Planting and the Parish in Durham Diocese, 1970–1990: Church Growth Controversies in Recent Historical Perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 March 2018

Abstract

This article unearths the forgotten history of the first modern church planting scheme in the Church of England: an attempt to restructure parish ministry in Chester-le-Street, near Durham, in the 1970s and 1980s. This story of rapid growth followed by decline, and of an evangelical church’s strained relations with their liberal bishop, David Jenkins, has pertinence for contemporary Anglican antagonisms over ‘fresh expressions’ and other church planting programmes. A culture of mistrust is arguably apparent both then and now, between liberals and conservatives in ecclesiology, even as the same line divides those of the reverse tendency in broader, doctrinal theology: conservatives from liberals. Developments, decisions and, indeed, debacles in the story of Chester-le-Street parish point to the urgent need for liberals and conservatives in Anglican ecclesiology and theology to overcome their mistrust of each other by recognizing the other as valuable for the mutual strengthening and renewal of the Church.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Journal of Anglican Studies Trust 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

2. Mission-shaped Church: Church Planting and Fresh Expressions of Church in a Changing Context (London: Church House Publishing, 2004), available at: https://www.freshexpressions.org.uk/international (accessed 20 August 2016).

3. Harris, Pat (ed.), Breaking New Ground (London: Church House Publishing, 1994), p. v Google Scholar.

4. Davison, Andrew and Milbank, Alison, For the Parish: A Critique of Fresh Expressions (London: SCM, 2010)Google Scholar. See also Nelstrop, Louise and Percy, Martyn (eds), Evaluating Fresh Expressions: Explorations in Emerging Church (Norwich: Canterbury Press, 2008)Google Scholar.

5. Wolfe, John and Jackson, Bob, ‘Anglican Resurgence: the Church of England in London’, in David Goodhew (ed.), Church Growth in Britain: 1980 to the Present (Farnham: Ashgate, 2012), p. 35 Google Scholar.

6. Percy, Martyn, The Future Shapes of Anglicanism: Currents, Contours, Charts (New York: Routledge, 2017), pp. 117-124 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; see also: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/13/church-of-england-evangelical-drive (accessed 18 August 2016).

7. Hopkins, Bob, Church Planting: Models for Mission in the Church of England (Nottingham: Grove, 1988), p. 9 Google Scholar; Mission-shaped Church, p. 16; George Lings, ‘A History of Fresh Expressions and Church Planting in the Church of England’, in Goodhew (ed.), Church Growth in Britain, pp. 161-78 (165).

8. Thorpe, Kerry M., ‘St Mary’s and St Cuthbert’s, Chester-le-Street’, in Eddie Gibbs (ed.), Ten Growing Churches (London: MARC, 1984), pp. 126-143 Google Scholar. On the Church Growth Movement, see Gibbs, Eddie, I Believe in Church Growth (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1981)Google Scholar.

9. Thorpe, ‘Chester-le-Street’; Bunting, Ian, Claiming the Urban Village (Nottingham: Grove, 1989)Google Scholar.

10. It is acknowledged that the church-planting approach within the single Chester-le-Street parish differs from other more ‘invasive’ initiatives involving planting across parish boundaries, or into discrete parishes. While many aspects of the Chester-le-Street experiment notably foreshadow ‘fresh expressions’, the reputation that some forms of church planting have for undermining the geographical parish system does not apply in the Chester-le-Street case.

11. Blunt, W.O., A Thousand Years of the Church in Chester-le-Street (London: 1884)Google Scholar.

12. Bunting, Ian and Brewster, Jim, 1883–1983: The Eleventh Century of the Parish Church in Chester-le-Street (Chester-le-Street: The Parish Church of St Mary and St Cuthbert, 1983), p. 124 Google Scholar.

13. Bunting and Brewster, Chester-le-Street, p. 37.

14. Bunting and Brewster, Chester-le-Street, p. 124.

15. Bunting and Brewster, Chester-le-Street, p. 124.

16. Bunting and Brewster, Chester-le-Street, p. 124.

17. Durham County Record Office (DCRO), EP/CS 6/2 PCC Minutes, 22 January 1959–15 April 1969.

18. DCRO, EP/CS 6/33 PCC Minutes, 27 April 1978–8 March 1988. Even this figure was noted to be ‘a big increase on the previous Roll’. Just how low the Electoral Roll dropped during the 1970s is not known, due to missing records.

19. Morris, Jeremy, ‘The Strange Death of Christian Britain: Another Look at the Secularization Debate’, Historical Journal, 46.4 4 (2003), pp. 963-976 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

20. Brown, Callum, The Death of Christian Britain (London: Routledge, 2001)Google Scholar; Field, Clive, Britain’s Last Religious Revival? (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

21. Brown, , Death of Christian Britain, pp. 175-192 Google Scholar; McLeod, Hugh, The Religious Crisis of the 1960s (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

22. Bruce, Steve, Secularization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Green, Simon, The Passing of Protestant England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011)Google Scholar; Davie, Grace, Religion in Britain: a Persistent Paradox (Chichester: Wiley, 2015)Google Scholar.

23. Durham University Library, Durham Diocese Records (DDR)/BP/PAR/6/26, J.Ll. Rowlands to the Archdeacon of Durham, [1969].

24. Bunting and Brewster, Chester-le-Street, pp. 49-50.

25. ‘Obituary’ Church Times, 4 November 2011. Blair’s obituary made lamentably little reference to his ministry in Chester-le-Street, with no mention of the Area Churches scheme.

26. Bunting, Urban Village, pp. 4, 23.

27. Bunting and Brewster, Chester-le-Street, p. 60.

28. Bunting and Brewster, Chester-le-Street, p. 60.

29. Bunting and Brewster, Chester-le-Street, p. 57.

30. Thorpe, ‘Chester-le-Street’, p. 131.

31. Bunting and Brewster, Chester-le-Street, p. 52.

32. Thorpe, ‘Chester-le-Street’, pp. 134-36.

33. Thorpe, ‘Chester-le-Street’, p. 135.

34. Thorpe, ‘Chester-le-Street’, p. 142.

35. Bunting and Brewster, Chester-le-Street, p. 58.

36. Ian Bunting, ‘Following the Strawberry Plant’, Partners, 10 (Summer 1985), pp. 3-4.

37. The statistics in this paragraph are sourced from: DCRO, EP/CS/2/41-49, Registers of services at Chester-le-Street, St Mary and St Cuthbert, 1 January 1944–4 July 1999.

38. DCRO, EP/CS 6/33, Poulton Report.

39. DCRO, EP/CS/2/45-46.

40. DCRO, EP/CS 6/33 PCC Minutes, 27 April 1978–8 March 1988.

41. Bunting, Urban Village, p. 23.

42. Thorpe, ‘Chester-le-Street’, pp. 138-39.

43. DCRO, EP/CS/6/33, PCC minutes, Annual Report 1979.

44. DCRO, EP/CS 6/33, Poulton Report, [p. 16].

45. I am grateful to Sharon Pritchard, Durham Diocese Children’s Ministry Advisor, for this information.

46. Thorpe, ‘Chester-le-Street’, p. 141.

47. DCRO, EP/CS 6/33, PCC Minutes, 27 April 1978–8 March 1988, Annual Report 1984. Alison White was an NSM in Chester-le-Street, 1986–89. Both Alison White and Amiel Osmaston were ordained deacon in 1987.

48. Earlier legal provision for collaborative ministry between ordained clergy was introduced by the Pastoral Measure 1968, and developed and amended by the Pastoral Measure 1983. Mission and Pastoral Measure 2011 Code of Recommended Practice: Volume 1 Pastoral Reorganisation, p. 2. Available at: https://www.churchofengland.org/clergy-office-holders/pastoralandclosedchurches/mpm2011code.aspx (accessed 30 October 2017).

49. DDR/BP/PAR/7/29, Outreach magazine, August 1990.

50. Frank White, personal conversation with the author, 11 February 2016; Amiel Osmaston, personal correspondence with the author, 8 December 2015; Margaret Bianchi, personal correspondence with the author, 30 January 2016.

51. DDR/BP/DIO/11/3 Archdeacon’s enquiry forms 1987.

52. Bunting, ‘Strawberry Plant’, 4.

53. Ian Bunting, The Evangelical Anglican Way (forthcoming), ch. 11. I am grateful to Canon Bunting for sight of this work-in-progress.

54. Bunting, ‘Strawberry Plant’, 4.

55. DCRO, EP/CS 6/33, Poulton Report, p. 8.

56. Poulton Report, p. 19.

57. Poulton Report, p. 10.

58. Poulton Report, p.17.

59. DDR/BP/DIO/11/3 Archdeacon’s enquiry forms 1987; DDR/BP/PAR/7/29, Outreach magazine, August 1990.

60. DCRO, EP/CS 6/33, Rector’s Report 1986–7.

61. Rector’s Report 1986–7.

62. DDR/BP/PAR/6/26, Geoffrey Walker to David Jenkins, 19 May 1988.

63. By 1989, a licensing system was introduced by the diocese for 15 lay people nominated to ‘assist with the administration of the bread and wine’ in the Area Churches. DDR/BP/PAR/7/29, Geoffrey Walker to David Jenkins, 15 September 1989.

64. DDR/BP/PAR/6/26, Michael Ball to David Jenkins 9 December 1987; DDR/BP/PAR/7/29, Geoffrey Walker to David Jenkins, 23 March 1990; 9 April 1990; 14 April 1990.

65. DDR/BP/PAR/7/29 Geoffrey Walker to David Jenkins, 12 January 1990.

66. I am grateful to the Bishop of Durham for granting permission to access the Durham diocese archives relating to Chester-le-Street parish, 1987–90.

67. Frank White, personal conversation with the author, 11 February 2016. White was subsequently Assistant Bishop of Newcastle.

68. Ian Bunting, personal communication to the author, 2 March 2016.

69. DDR/BP/PAR/6/26, Chester-le-Street Deanery pastoral report, July 1986.

70. DDR/BP/PAR/6/26, 17 Sep 1986, Ian Bunting to David Jenkins.

71. Bunting, Urban Village.

72. DDR/BP/PAR/6/26, 20 November 1986, Ian Bunting to Michael Ball.

73. DDR/BP/PAR/6/26, 20 November 1986, Ian Bunting to Michael Ball.

74. DDR/BP/PAR/6/26, 3 April 1987, Geoffrey Walker to David Jenkins.

75. DDR/BP/PAR/6/26, 10 July 1987, St John’s College, Durham to Durham diocese.

76. DDR/BP/PAR/7/29, 9 April 1990, Geoffrey Walker to David Jenkins.

77. Jenkins, David, The Calling of a Cuckoo: Not Quite an Autobiography (London: Continuum, 2002), pp. 23-50 Google Scholar.

78. Richard Wallis, ‘Channel 4 and the Declining Influence of Organized Religion on UK Television: The Case of Jesus: The Evidence’, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television (2016).

79. Jenkins, Cuckoo, pp. 81-92.

80. Jenkins, Cuckoo, pp. 37, 135.

81. DDR/BP/PAR/6/26, 12 November 1986, D. Clenahan to David Jenkins. See also DDR/BP/PAR/7/29, 2 February 1990, P. Ward to David Jenkins.

82. DDR/BP/PAR/6/26, 12 November 1986, D. Clenahan to David Jenkins.

83. DDR/BP/PAR/6/26, 19 January 1987, S. Wroe to Michael Perry.

84. DDR/BP/PAR/6/26, 10 April 1987, K. Ottosson to David Jenkins.

85. DDR/BP/PAR/6/26, 9 December 1987, Michael Ball to David Jenkins.

86. DDR/BP/PAR/6/26, 10 June 1988, David Jenkins to Geoffrey Walker.

87. DDR/BP/PAR/6/26, 10 June 1988, David Jenkins to Geoffrey Walker.

88. DDR/BP/PAR/6/26, 10 June 1988, David Jenkins to Geoffrey Walker.

89. Jenkins, Cuckoo, p. 53.

90. Jenkins, Cuckoo, p. 32.

91. Jenkins, Cuckoo, p. 48.

92. Jenkins, Cuckoo, p. 48.

93. Jenkins, David, God, Miracle and the Church of England (London: SCM Press, 1987)Google Scholar.

94. Jenkins, God, Miracle and the Church of England, pp. 90-110.

95. Jenkins, God, Miracle and the Church of England, pp. 92-94.

96. Jenkins, God, Miracle and the Church of England, pp. 100-101.

97. MacIntyre, Alastair, After Virtue (Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press, 1981), p. 222 Google Scholar.

98. Jenkins, God, Miracle and the Church of England, p. 103.

99. Jenkins, God, Miracle and the Church of England, p. 106.

100. Jenkins, God, Miracle and the Church of England, p. 106.

101. Jenkins, God, Miracle and the Church of England, pp. 89, 108.

102. Jenkins, God, Miracle and the Church of England, p. 106.

103. DCRO, EP/CS 6/33, Poulton Report, p. 8.