Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-fwgfc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-12T07:29:53.487Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chinese Area Studies in Prewar China: Japan's Tōa Dōbun Shoin in Shanghai, 1900–1945

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2011

Get access

Extract

The history of “area studies” as an academic discipline remains to be written. When it is, it will have to begin with a little known, historically important Japanese institution in China. That institution, Tōa Dōbun Shoin (East Asia Common Culture Academy or, after 1939, College) in Shanghai, 1900–1945, was established to train young Japanese for business and government service related to China. The author focuses upon the area studies dimensions of this pioneering institution's training and research program. After identifying five requisites of area studies training and research, he moves on to examine the origins, raison d'être, and meaning of Tōa Dōbun Shoin's program and to chart the phases of that program's development through each of the five requisites. In important ways, the center's curriculum, facilities, research, and publications equalled or surpassed the best American post–World War II language and area programs.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Hiroshi, Abe, ed. 1982. Nitchū kankei to bunka masatsu [Cultural Conflict in Sino-Japanese Relations]. Tokyo: Gannandō shoten.Google Scholar
Ikuo, Amano. 1984. “Educational Reform in Historical Perspective.Japan Echo 11, no. 3 (Autumn):916.Google Scholar
Bennett, Wendell C. 1951. Area Studies in American Universities. New York: Social Science Research Council.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyle, John Hunter. 1978. “Peace Advocacy during the Sino-Japanese Incident.” In Coox, and Conroy, , eds. 1978:245–64.Google Scholar
Clifford, Nicholas R. 1979. Shanghai, 1925: Urban Nationalism and the Defense of Foreign Privilege. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Commission on International Understanding, Association of American Colleges. 1964. Non-Western Studies in the Liberal Arts College; A Report of the Commission on International Understanding. Washington, D.C.: Association of American Colleges.Google Scholar
Coox, Alvin D., and Conroy, Hilary, eds. 1978. China and Japan: A Search for Balance since World War I. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-Clio.Google Scholar
Shinkichi, Eto. 1961. “News of the Profession; China Studies in Japan: Recent Trends.” JAS 21, no. 1 (Nov.): 125–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fairbank, John King, Banno, Masataka, and Yamamoto, Sumiko. 1971. Japanese Studies of Modern China: A Bibliographical Guide to Historical and Social-Science Research on the 19th and 20th Centuries. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. (Orig. publication 1955.)Google Scholar
Fogel, Joshua A. 1984. Politics and Sinology: The Case of Naito Konan (1866–1934). Cambridge, Mass.: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Hao, Yen-p'ing. 1970. The Comprador in Nineteenth-Century China: Bridge between East and West. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kakuten, Hara. 1984. Gendai Ajia kenkyū seiritsu shiron: Mantetsu Chūsabu, Tōa Kenkyūjo, IPR no kenkyū [The Making of Modern Asia Studies in Japan: Studies of the South Manchuria Railway Research Section, Tōa Kenkyūjo and Institute of Pacific Relations (Japan)]. Tokyo: Keisō shobō.Google Scholar
Hirano, Ken'ichiro. 1964. “Arao Sei and the Process of the Establishment of the Tōa Dōbun Kai; An Early Advocacy of the Promotion of Sino-Japanese Trade.”Research paper for Seminar in Modern Japanese History (History 285), Regional Studies—East Asia, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Fu-ch'ing, Huang. 1976. “Dongya tongwenhui: Riben zai Hua wenjiao huodong yanjiu zhiyi” [“Tōa Dōbun Kai: A Study of Japan's Educational and Cultural Activities in China, pt. 1”]. Zhongyangyanjiuyuan jindaishiyanjiuso jikan 5:337–68.Google Scholar
Fu-ch'ing, Huang. 1982. Jindai Riben zai Hua wenhua ji shehui shiye zhi yanjiu [“Japanese Social and Cultural Enterprises in China 1898–1945”]. Taipei: Zhongyang yanjiuyuan jindaishi yanjiuso.Google Scholar
Fu-ch'ing, Huang. 1984. “Jiawu zhanqian Riben zai Hua de diebao jigou—Lun Hankou Leshantang yu Shanghai Riqing Maoyi Yanjiuso” [“Japanese Espionage Activities in China before 1894: An Overview of Le-shan T'ang in Hankow and the Sino-Japanese Trade Institute in Shanghai”]. Zhongyang yanjiuyuan jindaishi yanjiuso jikan 13:305–31.Google Scholar
Yoshitsugu, Ijichi. 1985. “Woguo de Hanyu jiaoyuhoduiZhongguodelijie” (Japan's Chinese Language Education as Related to Her Understanding of China]. In Sino-Japanese Cultural Interchange. Vol. 2: Aspects of Literature and Language Learning, ed. Tam, Yue-him, pp. 119–32. Hong Kong: Institute of Chinese Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Masaji, Inoue. 1936. Kyojin Arao Sei den [Biography of a Giant, Arao Sei]. Tokyo: Sakuma Shobo. (Orig. publication 1910)Google Scholar
Iriye, Akira, ed. 1980. The Chinese and the Japanese: Essays in Political and Cultural Interactions. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jansen, Marius. 1980. “Konoe Atsumaro.” In Iriye, , ed., pp. 107–23.Google Scholar
Japan, Gaikō Shiryōkan [Foreign Ministry Archives]. (Internal memos, correspondence, plans, and reports relating to Tōa Dōbun Shoin and Tōa Dōbunkai. Tens of thousands of items, organized neatly into bound volumes, numbered serially, [e.g., 3–10.2.13] and by page. Open for public use in the reading room). See also U.S., Library of Congress.Google Scholar
Japan, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Minister's Secretariat, Research and Statistics Division, ed. 1980. Japan's Modern Educational System: A History of the First Hundred Years. Tokyo: Printing Bureau, Ministry of Finance.Google Scholar
Jorden, Eleanor Harz. 1981. “Presidential Address: Language and Area Studies—In Search of a Meaningful Relationship.JAS 41, no. 1 (Nov.):1120.Google Scholar
Kamachi, Noriko, Fairbank, John K., and Ichiko, Chūzō. 1975. Japanese Studies of Modern China since 1953; A Bibliographical Guide to Historical and Social Science Research on the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Cambridge, Mass.: East Asian Research Center, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Kokuryūkai, , comp. 1966. Tōa senkaku shishi kiden [Biographical Notes on Pioneer Patriots of East Asia]. 3 vols. Tokyo: Hara Shobō. (Orig. publication 1933–36)Google Scholar
Kopf, David. 1969. British Orientalism and the Bengal Renaissance: The Dynamics of Indian Modernization, 1773–1835. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Koyū [Shanghai Friends] (—— (Nov. 1957——). (Semiannual magazine of Koyūkai, the alumni organization of Tōa Dōbun Shoin. Many valuable recollections and biographical sketches.)Google Scholar
Koyūkai, , comp. See TDSDS 1955, TDSDS 1982.Google Scholar
Lambert, Richard D. 1973. Language and Area Studies Review. Philadelphia: American Academy of Political and Social Science.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCaughey, Robert A. 1980. “The Current State of International Studies in American Universities; Special Consideration Reconsidered.Journal of Higher Education 51, no. 4 (July–Aug.):381–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCaughey, Robert A. 1984. International Studies and Academic Enterprise; A Chapter in the Enclosure of American Learning. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
McDonnell, Lorraine M. 1983. Federal Support for Training Foreign Language and Area Specialists: The Education and Careers of FLAS Fellowship Recipients. Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand.Google Scholar
, Nakanishi. 1974. Chugoku kakumei no arashi no naka de [At the Eye of China's Revolutionary Storm]. Tokyo: Aoki shoten.Google Scholar
Tadashi, Negishi. 1950. “Gakkai yoteki: Chūgoku jittai chōsa” [Academic Notes: Research on Actual Conditions in China]. Hitotsubashi ronsō 23, no. 5 (May):8892.Google Scholar
Tatsuo, Nishizato. 1977. Kakumei no Shanhai de: Aru Nipponjin Chūgoku kyōsantō-in no kiroku [In Revolutionary Shanghai: The Record of a Japanese Member of the Chinese Communist Party]. Tokyo: Nitchū shuppan.Google Scholar
Chikako, Ōmori. 1978. “Tōa Dōbunkai to Tōa Dōbun Shoin: Sono seiritsu jijō, seikaku, oyobi katsudō” [Tōa Dōbunkai and Tōa Dōbun Shoin: Their Founding Circumstances, Character, and Activities]. Ajia keizai 19, no. 6 (June):7692.Google Scholar
Fumio, Otake. 1948. Shanhai sanjūnen [Thirty Years in Shanghai]. Tokyo: Kōbundō.Google Scholar
Reynolds, Douglas R. 1985. “Prelude to Imperialism: Japanese Research, Reconnaissance, and Trade in Late Qing China.” In Sino-Japanese Cultural Interchange. Vol. 3: The Economic and Intellectual Aspects, ed. Tarn, Yue-him, pp. 127–45. Hong Kong: Institute of Chinese Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Reynolds, Douglas R. 1985a. “Training Young China Hands: Tōa Dōbun Shoin and Its Precursors, 1886–1945.”Paper presented to the Social Science Research Council Conference on Japanese Imperialism in China, 1895–1937, Hoover Institution, Stanford University,Aug. 22–25.Google Scholar
Tsunehiro, Rokkaku. 1985. “Nihon ni okeru Chūgoku kyōiku no rekishiteki seikaku” [The Historical Character of Chinese Language Education in Japan]. In Sino-Japanese Cultural Interchange. Vol. 2: Aspects of Literature and Language Learning, ed. Tarn, Yue-him, pp. 133–46. Hong Kong: Institute of Chinese Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Said, Edward W. 1978. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Masatoshi, Sakeda. 1978. Kindai Nihon ni okeru taigaikō undō no kenkyū [Studies of Movements for a Hardline Foreign Policy in Early Modern Japan (ca. 1888–1905)]. Tokyo: Tōkyō Daigaku shuppankai.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Benjamin I. 1980. “Presidential Address: Area Studies as a Critical Discipline.JAS 40, no. 1 (Nov.):1525.Google Scholar
Scott, Paul D. 1985. “Arao Sei and the Formation of Japan's Continental Policy.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia.Google Scholar
Shina (“The China Review”). 1910–45. (Tōa Dōbunkai's biweekly magazine of China news and analysis, with frequent organizational news. Complete tables of contents in Tōa Bunka Kenkyūjo, comp., 1985:108447.)Google Scholar
Skinner, G. William. 1984. “Asian Studies and the Disciplines.Asian Studies Newsletter (Association for Asian Studies) 29, no. 4 (April):78.Google Scholar
Yoshimi, Takeuchi. 1966. “Tōa Dōbunkai to Tōa Dōbun Shoin” [Tōa Dōbunkai and Tōa Dōbun Shoin]. In Takeuchi Yoshimi. Nippon to Ajia: Takeuchi Yoshimi hyōronshū daisankan [Japan and Asia: Collected Studies of Takeuchi Yoshimi. Vol. 3:375–95]. Tokyo: Chikuma shobō.Google Scholar
TDSDS 1955. Tōa Dōbun Shoin Daigaku shi [History of Tōa Dōbun Shoin College]. Comp. Koyūkai. Tokyo: Koyūkai.Google Scholar
TDSDS 1982. Tōa Dōbun Shoin Daigaku shisōritsu hachijū shūnen kinenshi [History of Tōa Dōbun Shoin College: Eightieth Anniversary Commemorative Volume]. Comp. Koyūkai, Daigakushi hensan iinkai. Tokyo: Koyūkai.Google Scholar
Kenkyūjo, Tōa Bunka, comp. 1985. Tōa Dōbunkai kikan shi, shūyō kankōbutsu sōmokuji [General Tables of Contents from Tōa Dōbunkai Serials and Major Publications]. Tokyo: Kazankai.Google Scholar
kenkyūiinkai, Tōyō Bunko kindai Chūgoku, comp. 1980. Meiji ikō Nihonjin no Chūgoku ryokōki (kaidai) [China Travel Accounts of Japanese since the Meiji Period (with annotations)]. Tokyo: Tōyō Bunko.Google Scholar
Tsurumi, Kazuko. 1970. Social Change and the Individual: Japan Before and After Defeat in World War II. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
U.S., Library of Congress. [19491951]. Microfilm record of Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1863–1945, MT Series. (Contains about 75% of the documents relating to Tōa Dōbunkai and Tōa Dōbun Shoin under Japan, Gaikō Shiryōkan, above.)Google Scholar
Wood, Bryce. 1968. “Area Studies.” In The International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Vol. 1, ed. Sills, David L., pp. 401–6. New York: Macmillan and The Free Press.Google Scholar
Wray, Harry. 1978. “China in Japanese Textbooks.” In Coox, and Conroy, , eds., pp. 115–31.Google Scholar
Takashi, Yamamoto. 1977. Tōa Dōbun Shoin sei [Tōa Dōbun Shoin Student]. Tokyo: Kawade shobō shinsha.Google Scholar