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Communication Channels and Functional Literacy in the Philippine Barrio

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2011

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Extract

In the struggle for the allegiance of the uncommitted masses of Asia and Africa, the West has been prone to rely on the instruments of mass communication and community organization which have been effective in other areas. This approach is expensive but relatively simple since pamphlets, radio programs, and movie shorts may be produced and placed in distribution channels with a minimum of manpower. Country-wide organizations are often led by men sympathetic to the Western viewpoint who will commit their organizations to participate in information programs. For mass media, this approach assumes both exposure and the ability to understand the message conveyed by the media. Similarly, the effort to work with formal community organizations is based on the premise that such organizations really occupy an influential position in the local community.

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Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1962

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References

1 Based primarily on research conducted under the auspices of the Social Science Research Center of the University of the Philippines under a grant from the Information Section of the Foreign Operations Administration and the Philippine Council for United States Aid. John E. de Young acted as chief research analyst and directed the study.

2 Cf: Lerner, Daniel, The Passing of the Traditional Society (Glencoe, Illinois: The Free Press, 1958)Google Scholar. Shannon, Lyle W., “Is Level of Government Related to Capacity for Self Government?American Journal of Economics and Sociology, XVII (1958), 367382CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Lipset, Seymour Martin, “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy,” American Political Science Review, LIII (03 1959), 6983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

3 On the basis of internal inconsistencies in the census figures, Hawley argues that total population, was overstated by more than a million— Hawley, Amos H., Papers in Demography and Public Administration, (Manila: Institute of Public Administration, University of the Philippines, 1954).Google Scholar

4 Swanson, J. Chester et al. , A Survey of the Public Schools of the Philippines—1960, (Manila: United States Operations Mission to the Philippines, 1961), p. 18.Google Scholar

5 Swanson, , p. 9.Google Scholar

6 Swanson, , pp. 19, 22.Google Scholar

7 Recent data on mass media are available in Manalo, Angelina H., “Measures of Literacy in the Philippines,” The Statistical Reporter IX (07 1960), 713Google Scholar. More extended treatments which are still of current value may be found in Hunt, Chester L. et al. , Sociology in the Philippine Setting (Manila: Alemars, 1954) pp. 108112Google Scholar and in Human Relations Area Files 16-Chicago 5, The Philippines, III, 9961101Google Scholar. Human Relations Area Files Inc., Box 2054, Yale Station New Haven, 1956.

8 Coller, Richard, Social Effects of Donated Radios on Barrio life (Manila: Community Development. Research Council, University of the Philippines, 1961).Google Scholar

9 Coller, , p. 32.Google Scholar

10 Cf: Sibley, Willis E., “Leadership in a Philippine Barrio,” Philippine Journal of Public Administration, I (04 1957), 154159Google Scholar. Pal, Agaton P., “Channels of Communication with the Barrio People,” Philippine Journal of Public Administration I, (04 1957), 160164Google Scholar. Guthrie, George M., The Filipino Child and Philippine Society, (Manila: Philippine Normal College Press, 1961), pp. 101, 102.Google Scholar

11 Cf: Poison, Robert A. and Pal, Agaton P., “The Influence of Isolation,” The Silliman Journal, II (04 1955), 149159Google Scholar. Villanueva, Patrocinio S., Some Socio-Economie Effects of Rural Roads (Community Development Research Council, University of the Philippines, 1959).Google Scholar