¹ The study resulting in this publication was made under a fellowship granted by the Ford Foundation. The author would also like to express his deep appreciation to the Russian Research Center, Harvard University, where he spent the past year as an Associate.

An indication of renewed Soviet scholarly interest in the Middle East and Southern Asia was evidenced by the decision to publish the bimonthly journal Sovetskoe vostokovedenie. This provided Soviet orientalists with a magazine of their own for the first time since the late 1930's. Published by the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, it is extremely important for knowledge of recent developments in the field of Soviet oriental studies. The Institute also publishes periodically, Kratkie soobshcheniia [Brief Reports] and Uchenye zapiski [Studies]. The Institute itself is the principal academic organization devoted to the study of Middle Eastern, Far Eastern, and Southern Asian cultures, institutions, and developments. Originally founded in 1930, and located in Moscow, it was subsequently reorganized in 1950 when it absorbed the former Institute of Pacific Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (Tikhookeanski Institut Akademiia Nauk SSSR).

² The Russian periodicals referred to in this article are listed below. The Russian titles, with pertinent English translations, are given; however, in all references to these periodicals in the text of the article, only the Russian title will be given. In the case of monographs and books the Russian titles and their English translations will be presented. Bloknot ayitatora [The Agitator's Handbook]; Dal'nii vostok [Far East]; Den'gi i kredit [Money and Credit]; Finansy SSSR [USSR Finance]; Geograficheskoe obshchestvo SSSR, Izvestiia [Geographic Society of the USSR, Bulletin]; Geografiia v shkole [Geography in the Schools]; Gidrotekhnika i melioraisiia [Hydraulic Engineering and Reclamation]; Istoricheskii arkhiv [Historical Archives]; Kratkie soobshcheniia, Institut vostokovedeniia [Brief Reports, Institute of Oriental Studies]; Moskovskii propagandist [Moscow Propagandist]; Narodnyi Kitai [People's China]; Novoe vremia [New Times]; Partiinaia zhizn' [Party Life]; Sovetskaia torgovlia [Soviet Commerce]; Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo [Soviet Government and Law]; Sovetskoe vostokovedenie [Soviet Oriental Studies]; Uchenye zapiski, Institut vostokovedeniia [Studies, Institute of Oriental Studies]; Uchenye zapiski, Gosudarstvennyi pedagogicheskii institut im. A.I. Gertsena [Studies, A. I. Herzen State Pedagogical Institute, Leningrad]; V zashchitu mira [In Defense of Peace]; Vestnik [Journal, Leningrad University]; Vneshniaia torgovlia [Foreign Trade]; Voprosy ekonomiki [Problems of Economics]; Voprosy filosofii [Problems of Philosophy]; Voprosy istorii [Problems of History]; Vsemirnoe profsoiuznoe dvizhenie [World Trade-Union Movement].

A new monthly journal worthy of note appeared in April 1957. Entitled Mirovoe khoziaistvo i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia [World Economy and International Relations], it is published by the Soviet Academy of Science. The journal was established in response to a call by Politburo member Anastas Mikoyan at the 20th Party Congress for a more intensive and comprehensive study of developments in the non-Soviet world, particularly in the underdeveloped areas. In a sense, this journal is the successor to Mirovoe khoziaistvo i mirovaia politika [World Economy and World Politics], which was discontinued in late 1947 when its editor, the leading Soviet economist, Eugene Varga, fell from favor for holding that the capitalist world was entering a period of relative stability and expansion.

³ For example, Sinha, N. K. and Banerjee, A. C., History of IndiaGoogle Scholar; Gutfeld, A., Economic Structure of the Indian Union (abbreviated translation from German)Google Scholar; Patel, J. S., Agricultural Laborers in Modern India and PakistanGoogle Scholar; and also see A. I. Levkovskii's review of American Shadow Over India by Natarajan, L. in Voposy istorii, 06 1954Google Scholar. These books are all written with an anti-Western, pro-Soviet Marxist orientation.

⁴ No mention is made here of articles dealing with the Bandung Conference of April 1955 because of the wealth of material available on this subject in English.

⁵ Diakov, A. M., “The Crisis of British Domination in India and the New Stage of the Liberation Struggle of Her Peoples,”Google Scholar one of a series of studies in Krizis kolonial'noi sistemy: natsional'no-osvoboditel'naia bor'ba narodov vostochnoi Azii [The Crisis of the Colonial System: The National-Liberation Struggle of the Peoples of Eastern Asia] (Moscow, 1949), p. 111Google Scholar. There are a number of articles on South and Southeast Asia contained in this book which develop the Soviet view of and attitude toward these areas during this period.

⁶ Ibid., p. 110.

⁷ Other works indicative of the extent of Soviet interest in the field of oriental studies are: “For Further Development of the Soviet Oriental Studies,” Kommunist, 05 1955Google Scholar; Boldyrev, A. N. and Bereznyi, L. A., “Academic Activities of the Leningrad University Department of Oriental Studies,” Sovetskoe vostokovadeniia, No. 1, 1955Google Scholar; Petrunicheva, Z. N., “Study of Languages and Literatures of the Peoples of India,” Vestnik, 03 1954Google Scholar; and Ocherki po istorii russkogo vostokovedeniia [Outline History of Oriental Studies in 1953], ed. V. I. Avdiev and N. P. Shastina.

⁸ Soon after negotiating a long-term barter agreement with the Soviet Union, Burma, discovered that Soviet prices were inflated, that the demand for rice on the world market was greater than anticipated, and that the goods offered by the Soviets were not particularly useful.

⁹ Soekarno, Achmed, Indoneziia obviniaet: sbornik statei i rechei, perveod s indoneziiskoge i angliiskogo. [Indonesia Accuses: A Collection of Articles and Speeches, Translated from Indonesian and English] (Moscow, 1956), 361 pp.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Osnovnye voprosy ekonomiki i politiki imperializma posle vtoroi mirovoi voiny [Principal Problems of the Economics and Politics of Imperialism Following World War II], edited by E. Varga in 1953, is one of the best sources of information on Soviet attitudes and policies toward the underdeveloped countries published during the postwar Stalinist period. A pamphlet published under the auspices of the Higher Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party is of current interest: Nikhamin, V. P., Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia v iugovostochnoi Azii posle vtoroi mirovoi voiny [International Relations in Southeast Asia after the Second World War] (Moscow, 1956), 47 pp.Google Scholar