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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 March 2011
Scholars of medieval Japanese history are not often blessed with sufficient statistical data to employ it systematically in their analysis of problems in the political, social, and economic history of the period. Yet in certain limited areas of investigation, enough information does exist to permit independent testing of the validity of conclusions that have been based on the historian's examination of the archival record—for example, the lower bureaucracy during the Muromachi period (1336–1573), which consisted of a group of officials known as the bugyōnin.
1 See Grossberg, “From Feudal Chieftain to Secular Monarch: The Development of Shogunal Power in Early Muromachi Japan,” Monumenta Nipponica (Spring 1976).
2 The list is in Takeuchi, Takayanagi (eds.), Kadokawa Nihonshi Jiten, rev. ed. (Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten, 1974), pp. 1097–102.Google Scholar
3 On the political system of the Hōjō Regents, see Yasuda Motohisa, Nihon Zenshi v. 4, Chūsei v. 1 (Tokyo: Tokyo Univ. Press, 1958), ch. 5 “Shikken seiji no hakkai,” pp. 147–73. For Godaigo's restoration government and the ensuing war between the shosenior and junior imperial lines and their respective supporters, see Shin'ichi, Sato, Nanbokucho no Dōran, Tokyo: Chuo Koron, 1971Google Scholar or Masaharu, Kawai, Nancho to Hokucho, Tokyo: Bunseido, 1970.Google Scholar
4 Sato Shin'ichi, ”Muromachi bakufu kaisōki no kansei taikei,” in Ishimoda Sho & Sato Shin'ichi (eds.), Chūsei no Hō to Kokka (Tokyo: Tokyo Univ. Press, 1960), pp. 485, 487–88.
5 The dual feudal-bureaucratic nature of shosenior gunal authority under Takauji and Tadayoshi is discussed in Sato Shin'ichi, “Muromachi bakufu ron,” in Nihon Rekishi, Chusei v. 3 (Tokyo: Iwanami, 1963), p. 7.
6 Government during the period of strong kanreiyoriai leadership is treated in “From Shugo-daimyo to Sengoku-daimyo,” by Kawai Masaharu (Grossberg, collaborator), in a forthcoming volume of papers on the Muromachi period, under the general editorship of John W. Hall.
7 Yoshinori's reorganization is discussed by Iikura Harutake, “Onin no ran iko ni okeru muromachi bakufu no seikaku,” Nihonshi Kenkyu, 139–40 (1974), p. 142. See also Sato Shin'ichi, ”Ashikaga yoshinori shiritsuki no bakufu seiji,” Hosei Shigaku, 20 (1968), pp. 8–9.
8 Iikura (n. 7 above), p. 144.
9 Takahiro, Okuno, Ashikaga Yoshiaki (Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kobunkan, 1960), pp. 76–77, 79–80.Google Scholar
10 Ibid., p. 218.
