¹ The fundamental works that laid out the subject are Boswell, John, Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality (Chicago, 1980)Google Scholar; Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire (New York, 1985)Google Scholar; Faderman, Lillian, Surpassing the Love of Men: Romantic Friendship and Love between Women from the Renaissance to the Present (New York, 1981)Google Scholar; Foucault, Michel, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, An Introduction, trans. Hurley, Robert (Harmondsworth, 1984)Google Scholar. first published in French as La volonté de savoir (1976); Bray, Alan, Homosexuality in Renaissance England (London, 1982)Google Scholar, and subsequent development in “Homosexuality and the Signs of Male Friendship in Elizabethan England.” History Workshop, no. 29 (Spring 1990), pp. 1–19Google Scholar; and the works of Weeks, Jeffrey, best approached through Sexuality (Chichester, 1986)CrossRefGoogle Scholar. A useful way into the large number of other published studies is through several recent anthologies of articles: see Duberman, Martin B., Vicinus, Martha, and Chauncey, George Jr., eds., Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past (New York, 1989)Google Scholar: Gerard, Kent and Hekma, Gert, eds., The Pursuit of Sodomy: Male Homosexuality in Renaissance and Enlightenment Europe (New York, 1989)Google Scholar; and Butters, Ronald R., Clum, John M., and Moon, Michael, Displacing Homophobia: Gay Male Perspectives in Literature and Culture (Durham, N.C., 1989)Google Scholar. There are also some important works currently being completed that are likely to have a wide influence. They are currently entitled Chauncey, George Jr., Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of a Gay Male World, 1890–1970 (New York: Basic Books/HarperCollins, 1994)Google Scholar, in press; Goldberg, Jonathan, Sodometries (Palo Alto, Calif.: Stanford University Press, in press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; van der Meer, Theo, Sodom's Seed in the Netherlands: Persecution, Social Organisation and Perceptions of Homosexual Behavior, 1650–1850 (New York: Haworth Press, in press)Google Scholar; Rocke, Michael J., Male Homosexuality and Its Regulation in Late Medieval Florence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, in press)Google Scholar; Trumbach, Randolph, The Sexual Life of Eighteenth-Century London, vol. 1, Sexual Libertinism and the Modern Family, and vol. 2, The Modern Origins of Homosexuality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, in press)Google Scholar.

² Foucault, p. 43.

³ Bredbeck, p. 229.