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Examining the trimester-specific effects of low gestational weight gain on birthweight: the BOSHI study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 April 2020

Mari S. Oba Open the ORCID record for Mari S. Oba [Opens in a new window] ,
Yoshitaka Murakami ,
Michihiro Satoh ,
Takahisa Murakami ,
Mami Ishikuro ,
Taku Obara ,
Kazuhiko Hoshi ,
Yutaka Imai ,
Takayoshi Ohkubo  and
Hiroto Metoki
Mari S. Oba*
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
Yoshitaka Murakami
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
Michihiro Satoh
Affiliation:
Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
Takahisa Murakami
Affiliation:
Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
Mami Ishikuro
Affiliation:
Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
Taku Obara
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacy, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
Kazuhiko Hoshi
Affiliation:
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Suzuki Memorial Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
Yutaka Imai
Affiliation:
Tohoku Institute for Management of Blood Pressure, Miyagi, Japan
Takayoshi Ohkubo
Affiliation:
Tohoku Institute for Management of Blood Pressure, Miyagi, Japan Department of Hygiene and Public Health, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
Hiroto Metoki
Affiliation:
Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
*
Address for correspondence: Mari S. Oba, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan143-8540. Email: mari.oba@med.toho-u.ac.jp
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Abstract

Low gestational weight gain (GWG) is a known risk factor of low birthweight. Although studies have previously examined the associations between GWG and birthweight, the period-specific effects of low GWG in each trimester remain unclear. This study aimed to quantify the trimester-specific direct effects of low GWG in Japanese women on birthweight. Using perinatal data from a cohort study, we analyzed pregnant women delivered at an obstetrics/gynecology hospital between October 2006 and May 2010. We focused on women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) below 25 kg/m2. The exposure was low GWG. The gestation period was subdivided into trimesters, and the direct effects of low trimester-specific GWG on birthweight were estimated using marginal structural models. These models were guided by a direct acyclic graph that incorporated potential confounders, including pre-pregnancy BMI, age, smoking during pregnancy, height, and parity. We analyzed 563 women and their families. The mean cumulative GWG by the end of the first, second, and third trimesters was 0.9, 6.2, and 10.7 kg, respectively. Approximately 14.0% of the women gained total weight below the range recommended by Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The direct effects of low GWG on birthweight were 65.9 g (95% confidence interval: 11.4, 120.5), −195.4 g (−263.4, −127.4), and −188.8 g (−292.0, −85.5) for the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Insufficient weight gain in the second and third trimesters had a negative impact on birthweight after adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI and other covariates.

Keywords

Gestational weight gainbirthweightmarginal structural modeldirected acyclic graph
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 12 , Issue 2 , April 2021 , pp. 280 - 285
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Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2020

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