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High maternal sodium intake alters sex-specific renal renin–angiotensin system components in newborn Wistar offspring

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 January 2016

D. R. R. Maia ,
K. L. Lopes ,
J. C. Heimann  and
L. N. S. Furukawa
D. R. R. Maia
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
K. L. Lopes
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
J. C. Heimann
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
L. N. S. Furukawa*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
*
*Address for correspondence: L. N. S. Furukawa, Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar, sala 3342 São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil. (Email luzia@usp.br)
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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the systemic and renal renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) at birth in male and female offspring and in mothers fed a high sodium diet (HSD) before and during gestation. Female Wistar rats were fed a HSD (8.0% NaCl) or a normal sodium diet (1.3% NaCl) from 8 weeks of age until delivery of their first litter. Maternal body weight, tail blood pressure, and food and water intake were evaluated. The litter sizes were assessed, and the body and kidney weights of the offspring were measured. Both mothers and offspring were euthanized immediately following the birth of the pups to evaluate plasma renin activity (PRA), renal renin content (RRC), renal angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, renal angiotensin (Ang) II content, serum aldosterone (ALDO) levels, and renal cortical and medullary renin messenger RNA expression. In mothers in the HSD group, water intake and kidney mass were higher, whereas renal ACE activity, Ang II, PRA, ALDO and RRC were decreased. In the offspring of HSD-fed dams, the body and kidney mass were lower in both genders, renal ACE activity was lower in females and renal Ang II was lower in males. PRA, RRC, renin gene expression and ALDO levels did not differ between the groups of offspring. The data presented herein showed that a maternal HSD during pregnancy induces low birth weight and a sex-specific response in the RAAS in offspring.

Keywords

high sodium dietnewbornoffspringrenin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 7 , Issue 3: Themed Issue: Ibero-American DOHaD Society , June 2016 , pp. 282 - 289
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Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2016 

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