^{page 97 note 1} Professor Ratcliff did not live to complete this paper j but he appears to have set out the main body of his argument in the unfinished article printed here. Of the ten pages of his MS. he had only revised the first three, and there is an indication that he was intending to alter the last sentence at which the article breaks off. The Editor wishes to thank the Rev. Canon A. H. Couratin, Librarian of Durham Cathedral, for editing this paper and providing the foregoing note on it.

^{page 97 note 2} For the text employed in this article see Blunt, A. W. F., The Apologies of Justin Martyr (Cambridge Patristic Texts), Cambridge 1911Google Scholar.

^{page 97 note 3} Apol., 65–7.

^{page 97 note 4} Kelly, J. N. D., Early Christian Creeds, 2nd ed., London 1960, 75Google Scholar.

^{page 97 note 5} Ibid.

^{page 97 note 6} These are Justin's words respectively for the ‘admonition’ and ‘exhortation’ of the Sunday sermon, Apol., 67. 4.

^{page 98 note 1} He gives himself an opening for this order in Apol., 13. 1f.

^{page 98 note 2} Apol, 66. 3.

^{page 98 note 3} Ibid.

^{page 99 note 1} For an exposition of this and other theories see Salaville, S., ‘La liturgie décrite par saint Justin et l'épiclèse’, Échos d'Orient, xii, Paris 1909, 129–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar, 222–7. For the terms ‘eucharistise’ (εὐχαριγειν) and ‘eucharist’ see First Apology, 65. 5 and 66. 1.

^{page 100 note 1} Apol, 66. 2: ôν τρóπoν διà λóγoυ θεoý σαρκoπoιηθε χριστòϛ ò σωτρ μŵν κα σρκα κα αιμα πρ σωτηρϛ μŵν ἒσχεν, oντωϛ κα τν δ εὺχήϛ λóγoυ τoý παρ' αὺτoý εὺχααριηθεîσαν τρoϕν, ἒ ϛ αιμα κα σρκεϛ μεταβoλν τρϕoνται μŵν, κεινoυ τoý σαρκoπoιηθντoϛ ' Iησoý κα σρκα κα αιμα διδχθημεν ειναι. The ambiguity lies, of course, in the words underlined, which may mean either (i) 'through the prayer of the Logos who is from Him', i.e. from God, or (ii) 'through the prayer-formula which is from Him', i.e. from Jesus Christ.

^{page 100 note 2} Apol, 66. 4. For a probably closer imitation of the Church's procedure, cf. the account of the eucharistic rite of the Valentinian Gnostic Marcus, a contemporary of Justin and an inhabitant of the Rhone valley, given in Irenaeus, Adversus Haereses, 1. vii. 2 (ed. W. W. Harvey, Cambridge 1857, 115 f.). Here Marcus is said to have drawn out his λòγoϛ τήϛ πικλσεωϛ, while at the same time contriving to make the contents of his cup appear purple and red, so that the supernatural being Charis might be thought to be dripping her blood into the cup δι τήϛ πικλσεωϛ αὺτoý. Whatever the form given to it, Marcus's πκλησιϛ was clearly believed to be the means of effecting a ‘consecration’.

^{page 101 note 1} See Aphraates, Demonstratio, xii (De Paschate), 6: Patrologia Syriaca, ed. J. Parisot, Paris 1894, i. cols. 515–18.

^{page 101 note 2} For a detailed examination of this subject see Hamm, F., Die liturgischen Einsetzungsberichte im sinne vergleichender Liturgieforschung untersucht (Liturgiegeschichtliche Quellen und Forschungen, Heft 23), Minister in Westf. 1928Google Scholar.

^{page 101 note 3} Lk. xxii. 19.

^{page 101 note 4} The theme of νμνησιϛ is perhaps summarised in Apol., 21. 1: τŵ δ κα τòν λγoν, ὃ στι πρŵτoν γνυημα τoý, ἂνευ πιμξαϛ ϕσκειν μᾷϛ γεγεννîσθαι, ’Iησoýν χριτòν τòν διδσκαλoν μŵν, κα τoýτoυ σταυρωθυτα κα πo θανóντα κα ναστντα νεληλυθναι εϛ τòν oὺρανòν...

^{page 101 note 5} Irenaeus's narrative, which is partly a paraphrase, runs thus (the italics denote coincidence with Justin's narrative): eum qui ex creatura estpanis, accepit, et gratias egit, dicens: Hoc est meum corpus. Et calicem similiter,qui est ex creatura, quae est secundum nos, suum sanguinem confessus est, et novi Testamenti novam docuit oblationem: Adversus Haereses, iv. xvii. 5 (ed. W. W. Harvey, ii. 198 f.).

^{page 102 note 1} The Treatise of the Apostolic Tradition of St. Hippolytus of Rome, ed. Dix, G., London 1937. 8Google Scholar.

^{page 102 note 2} Mt. xxvi. 28.

^{page 102 note 3} Mk. xiv. 24.

^{page 102 note 4} Dialogue II: ’ Aιὠνιóϛ τε μν νóμoϛ κα τελευταîoϛ ó χριστóϛ δóθη κα δʹαθκη πιστ, cf. 43, 51, 122: see J. C. T. Otto, S. Iustini Opera, ed. altera, Jena 1847, 1. ii. 40, 166, 406.

^{page 102 note 5} Dialogue 70: ed. cit., ii. 240.