Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pjpqr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-28T09:25:52.658Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Canadian-American Reciprocity Treaty of 1855 to 1866

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2011

Lawrence H. Officer  and
Lawrence B. Smith
Lawrence H. Officer
Affiliation:
Harvard University
Lawrence B. Smith
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The Reciprocity Treaty between the British North American Provinces (Canada) and the United States was ratified in February 1855 and terminated in March 1866. It provided for free trade in all natural products, free access for United States fisheries to the Atlantic coastal waters of British North America, and access to the St. Lawrence River for American vessels under the same tolls as native vessels.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Economic History , Volume 28 , Issue 4 , December 1968 , pp. 598 - 623
Copyright
Copyright © The Economic History Association 1968

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Lamed, J. N., “Report on State of Trade Between United States and British North American Provinces,” House Executive Document No. 94, U.S. 41st Cong., 3d. sess., p. 6Google Scholar.

2 Mackintosh, W. A., Economic Background to Dominion-Provincial Relations: A Study for the Royal Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations (Ottawa, 1939), p. 13Google Scholar.

3 Porritt, E., 60 Years of Protection in Canada 1846-1907 (London: MacMillan, 1908), p. 121Google Scholar.

4 Masters, D. C., The Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 (Toronto: Longmans, Green, 1936)Google Scholar and Reciprocity 1846-1911 (Ottawa: Canadian Historical Association, 1961).

5 Saunders, S. A., “Reciprocity Treaty of 1854: A Regional Study,” Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, II (Feb. 1936), pp. 41–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

6 , Masters, Reciprocity Treaty, p. 190, and Reciprocity, pp. 7-8Google Scholar.

7 , Saunders, “Reciprocity Treaty,” pp. 42–44Google Scholar.

8 The modern analysis of regional integration begins with Viner, Jacob, The Customs Union Issue (New York: Carnegie Endowment, 1950)Google Scholar.

9 These duties may be contrasted with an average American tariff of 21.1 percent in the year ending June 30, 1854. This number is the ratio of duty collected to total imports. The source is Senate Executive Document No. 1, U.S. 35th Cong., 1st. sess.

10 , Larned, “Report on Trade,” p. 10Google Scholar.

11 Martineau, H., Retrospect of Western Travel (London: Saunders, 1838), I, 101Google Scholar.

12 Jones, R. L., History of Agriculture in Ontario (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1946), p. 185Google Scholar.

13 Lower, A. R. M., North American Assault on the Canadian Forest (Toronto: Ryerson, 1938), p. 126Google Scholar.

14 “Annual Report of the Director of Statistics,” House Executive Documents, II, 40th Cong., 2d. sess. p. xiii.

15 Taylor, K. W. and Mitchell, H., Statistical Contributions to Canadian Economic History (Toronto: MacMillan, 1931), II, 48Google Scholar.

16 Shortt, A., “Economic History 1840-1867,” in Shortt, A., ed., Canada and Its Provinces (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1914), V, 246Google Scholar.

17 Creighton, D. G., British North America at Confederation: A Study Prepared for the Royal Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations (Ottawa, 1939), p. 9Google Scholar.

18 This precise result assumes that both goods would ultimately be obtained either by trade or domestic production and that trade is balanced by the export of good C, which also is produced at constant cost; also, that there is a constant marginal utility of money.

19 , Lower, Assault on the Forest, p. 105Google Scholar.

20 Lower, A. R. M., “Trade in Square Timber,” Contributions to Canadian Economics (1933), VI, 45–46Google Scholar.

21 , Lower, Assault on the Forest, p. 122Google Scholar.

22 Ibid., p. 128.

23 For a breakdown of this total see W. H. Seward, “Reciprocal Relations Between the United States and British North American Provinces,” Senate Executive Document No. 30, U.S. 39th Cong., 2d. sess., p. 139.

24 Quoted in , Jones, History of Agriculture, p. 190Google Scholar.

25 , Jones, History of Agriculture, pp. 218–19Google Scholar.

26 Ibid., pp. 232, 241.

27 Canadian Census, V, 124.

28 G. W. Brega, “Trade with the British Provinces,” House Executive Document No. 240, parts 1 and 2, U.S. 40th Cong., 2d. sess., p. 7.

29 , Jones, History of Agriculture, pp. 254–56Google Scholar.

30 Ibid., p. 232.

31 , Brega, Trade, p. 2Google Scholar.

32 Glazebrook, G. P. de T., A History of Transportation in Canada (Toronto: Ryerson, 1938), p. 178Google Scholar.

33 , Shortt, “Economic History,” p. 250Google Scholar.

34 McArthur, D., “History of Public Finance 1840-1867,” in Canada and Its Provinces, V, 177Google Scholar.

35 , Brega, Trade, p. 3Google Scholar.

36 Easterbrook, W. T. and Aitken, H., Canadian Economic History (Toronto: MacMillan, 1958), p. 389.Google Scholar

37 McDiarmid, O. J., Commercial Policy in the Canadian Economy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1946), p. 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

38 Laughlin, J. L. and Willis, H. P., Reciprocity (New York: Baker and Taylor, 1930), p. 64Google Scholar.