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^2. See pp. 8–12 of Jack Goody, 1990. The Oriental, the Ancient, and the Primitive. Cambridge.Google Scholar

^3. I have reviewed the texts that are pertinent to the theory of kinship contractionelsewhere: 1990. Patrilineal kinship in early Irish society: the evidence from the Irish law tracts. Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 37: 133–165.Google Scholar

^4. I have suggested and discussed this hypothesis elsewhere: 1991. Cattle-lords and Clansmen: Kinship and Rank in Early Ireland. New York: Garland; forthcoming in second edition by Notre Dame University Press.Google Scholar

^5. C. Lynn, 1988. Deer park farms. In I. Bennett (ed.), Excavations: 9; personal communication, 1992; Matthew Stout, 1991. Ringfortsin the south-west Midlands of Ireland. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 91, C, no. 8: 202–243; F. McCormick, 1983. Dairying and beef production in early Christian Ireland: the faunal evidence. In T. Reeves-Smyth and F. Hamond (eds), Landscape Archaeology in Ireland: 253–267. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports (Brit. Ser. 116).Google Scholar

^6. T. Charles-Edwards, 1970–2. Some Celtic kinship terms. Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 24: 105–122.Google Scholar

^7. C. Bernard, 1865. An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine. New York, reprinted 1927. Original p. 188 cited and discussed on pp. 94–95 by George Vaillant, 1993. Self-deceptions of everyday life. The Wisdom of the Ego. Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar

^8. See pp. 227–237 of Jack Goody, 1983. The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe. Cambridge.Google Scholar

^9. Alexander C. Murray, 1983. Germanic Kinship Structure. Toronto.Google Scholar

^10. See pp. 5–6 and 39–40 of Herwig Wolfram, 1988. History of the Goths. Berkeley. Trans. by Thomas Dunlop.Google Scholar

^11. Sally Humphreys, 1978. Anthropology and the Greeks. London; Mike Rowlands, 1980. Kinship, alliance and exchange in the European Bronze Age. In John Barrett and Richard J. Bradley (eds), Settlement and Society in the Later British Bronze Age: 19ff. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports (Brit. Ser. 83); Pages 175–176 of Françis Audouze and Olivier Buchsenschutz, 1991. Towns, Villages and Countryside of Celtic Europe. London: Batsford (originally 1989, Paris: Hachette).Google Scholar

^12. The inheritance communities of the early Middle Ages, like their Roman counterparts, were voluntary associations whose dissolution could occur at any time … They were not … the remnants of corporate clan and lineage organization. But because the co-heirs were frequently siblings or cousins, the community might constitute a shallow descent group’ Murray op. cit. p. 102, my emphasis.Google Scholar