Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-l82ql Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-27T19:31:55.071Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Beta Active Hedge Fund Management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 September 2018

Abstract

We reconsider whether hedge funds’ time-varying risk factor exposures are predictive of superior performance. We construct an overall measure (BA) of fund managers and present evidence that top beta active managers deliver superior long-term out-of-sample performance compared to top alpha active managers. BA captures the time-varying nature of beta exposures and can be interpreted as a common factor of both systematic risk (SR) and (1 - R2) measures. BA also compares favorably to extant measures of market timing, capturing the explanatory power of such measures of hedge fund performance.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

We have benefited from comments by George Aragon (a referee), Hendrik Bessembinder (the editor), Chris Clifford, Cristian Tiu (a referee), Zhipeng (Alan) Yan, and seminar and conference participants at Louisiana Tech, University of Arkansas, St. Bonaventure University, and the 2013 Financial Association Annual Meeting and Applied Finance Conference. We are grateful to Yongjia (Eddy) Li for outstanding research assistance.

References

Agarwal, V.; Daniel, N. D.; and Naik, N. Y.. “Role of Managerial Incentives and Discretion in Hedge Fund Performance.” Journal of Finance, 64 (2009), 22212256.Google Scholar
Agarwal, V., and Naik, N. Y.. “On Taking the Alternative Route: Risks, Rewards, and Performance Persistence of Hedge Funds.” Journal of Alternative Investments, 2 (2000), 623.Google Scholar
Agarwal, V., and Naik, N. Y.. “Risk and Portfolio Decisions Involving Hedge Funds.” Review of Financial Studies, 17 (2004), 6398.Google Scholar
Aggarwal, R. K., and Jorion, P.. “The Performance of Emerging Hedge Funds and Managers.” Journal of Financial Economics, 96 (2010), 238256.Google Scholar
Amihud, Y., and Goyenko, R.. “Mutual Fund’s R 2 as Predictor of Performance.” Review of Financial Studies, 26 (2013), 667694.Google Scholar
Aragon, G.“Timing Multiple Markets: Theory and Evidence.” Working Paper, Arizona State University, http://ssrn.com/abstract=415740 (2002).Google Scholar
Aragon, G.Share Restriction and Asset Pricing: Evidence from the Hedge Fund Industry.” Journal of Financial Economics, 83 (2007), 3358.Google Scholar
Asness, C.; Krail, R.; and Liew, J.. “Do Hedge Funds Hedge?Journal of Portfolio Management, 28 (2001), 619.Google Scholar
Avramov, D.; Barras, L.; and Kosowski, R.. “Hedge Fund Return Predictability under the Magnifying Glass.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 48 (2013), 10571083.Google Scholar
Avramov, D.; Kosowski, R.; Naik, N. Y.; and Teo, M.. “Hedge Funds, Managerial Skill, and Macroeconomic Variables.” Journal of Financial Economics, 99 (2011), 672692.Google Scholar
Bali, T. G.; Brown, S. J.; and Caglayan, M. O.. “Do Hedge Funds’ Exposures to Risk Factors Predict Their Future Returns?Journal of Financial Economics, 101 (2011), 3668.Google Scholar
Bali, T. G.; Brown, S. J.; and Caglayan, M. O.. “Systematic Risk and the Cross Section of Hedge Fund Returns.” Journal of Financial Economics, 106 (2012), 114131.Google Scholar
Bollen, N. P. B.Zero-R 2 Hedge Funds and Market Neutrality.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 48 (2013), 519547.Google Scholar
Bollen, N. P. B., and Busse, J. A.. “On the Timing Ability of Mutual Fund Managers.” Journal of Finance, 56 (2001), 10751094.Google Scholar
Bollen, N. P. B., and Whaley, R. E.. “Hedge Fund Risk Dynamics: Implications for Performance Appraisal.” Journal of Finance, 64 (2009), 9851035.Google Scholar
Brinson, G. P.; Hood, L. P.; and Beebower, G. L.. “Determinants of Portfolio Performance.” Financial Analysts Journal, 42 (1986), 3944.Google Scholar
Brunnermeier, M. K., and Nagel, S.. “Hedge Funds and the Technology Bubble.” Journal of Finance, 59 (2004), 20132040.Google Scholar
Cai, L., and Liang, B.. “On the Dynamics of Hedge Fund Strategies.” Journal of Alternative Investments, 14 (2012a), 5168.Google Scholar
Cai, L., and Liang, B.. “Asset Allocation Dynamics in the Hedge Fund Industry.” Journal of Investment Management, 10 (2012b), 3559.Google Scholar
Cao, C.; Chen, Y.; Liang, B.; and Lo, A. W.. “Can Hedge Funds Time Market Liquidity?Journal of Financial Economics, 109 (2013), 493516.Google Scholar
Chen, Y.Timing Ability in the Focus Market of Hedge Funds.” Journal of Investment Management, 5 (2007), 6698.Google Scholar
Chen, Y., and Liang, B.. “Do Market Timing Hedge Funds Time the Market?Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 42 (2007), 827856.Google Scholar
Cremers, K. J. M., and Petajisto, A.. “How Active Is Your Fund Manager? A New Measure That Predicts Performance.” Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2009), 33293365.Google Scholar
Daniel, K.; Grinblatt, M.; Titman, S.; and Wermers, R.. “Measuring Mutual Fund Performance with Characteristic-Based Benchmarks.” Journal of Finance, 52 (1997), 10351058.Google Scholar
Fama, E. F.Components of Investment Performance.” Journal of Finance, 27 (1972), 551567.Google Scholar
Ferson, W., and Schadt, R.. “Measuring Fund Strategy and Performance in Changing Economic Conditions.” Journal of Finance, 51 (1996), 425460.Google Scholar
Fung, H. G.; Xu, X. E.; and Yau, J.. “Global Hedge Funds: Risk, Return, and Market Timing.” Financial Analysts Journal, 58 (2002), 1930.Google Scholar
Fung, W., and Hsieh, D. A.. “Empirical Characteristics of Dynamic Trading Strategies: The Case of Hedge Funds.” Review of Financial Studies, 10 (1997), 275302.Google Scholar
Fung, W., and Hsieh, D. A.. “The Risk in Hedge Fund Strategies: Theory and Evidence from Trend Followers.” Review of Financial Studies, 14 (2001), 313341.Google Scholar
Fung, W., and Hsieh, D. A.. “Hedge Fund Benchmarks: A Risk-Based Approach.” Financial Analysts Journal, 60 (2004), 6580.Google Scholar
Fung, W.; Hsieh, D. A.; Naik, N. Y.; and Ramadorai, T.. “Hedge Funds: Performance, Risk, and Capital Formation.” Journal of Finance, 63 (2008), 17771803.Google Scholar
Getmansky, M.; Lo, A. W.; and Makarov, I.. “An Econometric Model of Serial Correlation and Illiquidity in Hedge Fund Returns.” Journal of Financial Economics, 74 (2004), 529609.Google Scholar
Goetzmann, W.; Ingersoll, J.; Spiegel, M.; and Welch, I.. “Portfolio Performance Manipulation and Manipulation-Proof Performance Measures.” Review of Financial Studies, 20 (2007), 15031546.Google Scholar
Grinblatt, M., and Titman, S.. “Portfolio Performance Evaluation: Old Issues and New Insights.” Review of Financial Studies, 2 (1989), 393421.Google Scholar
Grinblatt, M., and Titman, S.. “Performance Measurement without Benchmarks: An Examination of Mutual Fund Returns.” Journal of Business, 66 (1993), 4768.Google Scholar
Henriksson, R., and Merton, R.. “On Market Timing and Investment Performance II: Statistical Procedures for Evaluating Forecasting Skills.” Journal of Business, 54 (1981), 513534.Google Scholar
Jagannathan, R., and Korajczyk, R. A.. “Assessing the Market Timing Performance of Managed Portfolios.” Journal of Business, 59 (1986), 217235.Google Scholar
Jagannathan, R.; Malakhov, A.; and Novikov, D.. “Do Hot Hands Exist among Hedge Fund Managers? An Empirical Evaluation.” Journal of Finance, 65 (2010), 217255.Google Scholar
Jensen, M.The Performance of Mutual Funds in the Period 1954–1964.” Journal of Finance, 23 (1968), 389416.Google Scholar
Jensen, M.Optimal Utilization of Market Forecasts and the Evaluation of Investment Portfolio Performance.” In Mathematical Methods in Investment and Finance, Szego, G. and Shell, K., eds. Amsterdam: North-Holland (1972), 310335.Google Scholar
Jiang, G.; Yao, T.; and Yu, T.. “Do Mutual Funds Time the Market? Evidence from Portfolio Holdings.” Journal of Financial Economics, 86 (2007), 724758.Google Scholar
Jobson, J. D., and Korkie, B. M.. “Performance Hypothesis Testing with the Sharpe and Treynor Measures.” Journal of Finance, 36 (1981), 889908.Google Scholar
Kacperczyk, M.; Sialm, C.; and Zheng, L.. “Unobserved Actions of Mutual Funds.” Review of Financial Studies, 21 (2008), 23792416.Google Scholar
Kosowski, R.; Naik, N. Y.; and Teo, M.. “Do Hedge Funds Deliver Alpha? A Bayesian and Bootstrap Analysis.” Journal of Financial Economics, 84 (2007), 229264.Google Scholar
Lewis, M. The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company (2010).Google Scholar
Mamaysky, H.; Spiegel, M.; and Zhang, H.. “Estimating the Dynamics of Mutual Fund Alphas and Betas.” Review of Financial Studies, 21 (2008), 233264.Google Scholar
Pastor, L., and Stambaugh, R.. “Liquidity Risk and Expected Stock Returns.” Journal of Political Economy, 111 (2003), 642685.Google Scholar
Patton, A. J.Are ‘Market Neutral’ Hedge Funds Really Market Neutral?Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2009), 24952530.Google Scholar
Roll, R.Ambiguity When Performance Is Measured by the Securities Market Line.” Journal of Finance, 33 (1978), 10511069.Google Scholar
Sadka, R.Liquidity Risk and the Cross-Section of Hedge-Fund Returns.” Journal of Financial Economics, 98 (2010), 5471.Google Scholar
Sadka, R.Hedge-Fund Performance and Liquidity Risk.” Journal of Investment Management, 10 (2012), 6072.Google Scholar
Sharpe, W. F.Asset Allocation: Management Style and Performance Management.” Journal of Portfolio Management, 18 (1992), 719.Google Scholar
Sun, Z.; Wang, A.; and Zheng, L.. “The Road Less Traveled: Strategy Distinctiveness and Hedge Fund Performance.” Review of Financial Studies, 25 (2012), 96143.Google Scholar
Titman, S., and Tiu, C.. “Do the Best Hedge Funds Hedge?Review of Financial Studies, 24 (2011), 123168.Google Scholar
Treynor, J., and Mazuy, K.. “Can Mutual Funds Outguess the Market?Harvard Business Review, 44 (1966), 131136.Google Scholar