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Boundary-layer noise induced by arrays of roughness elements

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 June 2013

Qin Yang  and
Meng Wang
Qin Yang
Affiliation:
Institute for Flow Physics and Control, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
Meng Wang*
Affiliation:
Institute for Flow Physics and Control, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: m.wang@nd.edu
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Abstract

Sound induced by arrays of $10\times 4$ roughness elements in low-Mach-number turbulent boundary layers at ${\mathit{Re}}_{\theta } = 3065$ is studied with Lighthill’s theory and large-eddy simulation. Three roughness fetches consisting of hemispheres, cuboids and short cylinders are considered. The roughness elements of different shapes have the same height of $0. 124\delta $, the same element-to-element spacing of $0. 727\delta $ and the same flow blockage area. The acoustically compact roughness elements and their images in the wall radiate sound primarily as acoustic dipoles in the plane of wall. The dipole strength, orientation and spatial distribution show strong dependence on the roughness shape. Correlations between dipole sources associated with neighbouring elements are found to be small for these sparsely distributed roughness arrays. Correlations and coherence between roughness dipoles and surface pressure fluctuations are analysed, which reveals the importance of the impingement of upstream turbulence and surrounding vortical structures to dipole sound radiation, especially in the streamwise direction. For roughness shapes with sharp frontal edges, the edge-induced unsteady separation and reattachment also play important roles in sound generation. Large-scale turbulent structures in the boundary layer have a relatively low influence on roughness dipoles, except for the first row of elements.

JFM classification

Acoustics: Aeroacoustics Boundary Layers: Boundary Layers Turbulent Flows: Turbulence simulation
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 727 , 25 July 2013 , pp. 282 - 317
Copyright
©2013 Cambridge University Press 

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