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Experimental investigation of the structure of plane turbulent wall jets. Part 1. Spectral analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2024

Harish Choudhary Open the ORCID record for Harish Choudhary [Opens in a new window] ,
Abhishek Gupta Open the ORCID record for Abhishek Gupta [Opens in a new window] ,
Shibani Bhatt Open the ORCID record for Shibani Bhatt [Opens in a new window] ,
Thara Prabhakaran Open the ORCID record for Thara Prabhakaran [Opens in a new window] ,
A.K. Singh Open the ORCID record for A.K. Singh [Opens in a new window] ,
Anandakumar Karipot Open the ORCID record for Anandakumar Karipot [Opens in a new window]  and
Shivsai Ajit Dixit Open the ORCID record for Shivsai Ajit Dixit [Opens in a new window]
Harish Choudhary
Affiliation:
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (Ministry of Earth Sciences), Pashan, Pune 411008, India Department of Atmospheric and Space Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
Abhishek Gupta
Affiliation:
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (Ministry of Earth Sciences), Pashan, Pune 411008, India
Shibani Bhatt
Affiliation:
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (Ministry of Earth Sciences), Pashan, Pune 411008, India
Thara Prabhakaran
Affiliation:
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (Ministry of Earth Sciences), Pashan, Pune 411008, India
A.K. Singh
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
Anandakumar Karipot
Affiliation:
Department of Atmospheric and Space Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
Shivsai Ajit Dixit*
Affiliation:
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (Ministry of Earth Sciences), Pashan, Pune 411008, India
*
†Email address for correspondence: sadixit@tropmet.res.in
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Abstract

Plane turbulent wall jets are traditionally considered to be composed of a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) topped by a half-free jet. However, certain peculiar features, such as counter-gradient momentum flux occurring below velocity maximum in experiments and numerical simulations, suggest a different structure of turbulence therein. Here, we hypothesize that turbulence in wall jets has two distinct structural modes, wall mode scaling on wall variables and free-jet mode scaling on jet variables. To investigate this hypothesis, experimental data from our wall jet facility are acquired using single hot-wire anemometry and two-dimensional particle image velocimetry at three nozzle Reynolds numbers 10 244, 15 742 and 21 228. Particle image velocimetry measurements with four side-by-side cameras capture the longest field of view studied so far in wall jets. Direct spatial spectra of these fields reveal modal spectral contributions to variances of velocity fluctuations, Reynolds shear stress, shear force, turbulence production, velocity fluctuation triple products and turbulent transport. The free-jet mode has wavelengths scaling on the jet length scale ${z_{T}}$, and contains two dominant submodes with wavelengths $5{z_{T}}$ and $2.5{z_{T}}$. The region of flow above the velocity maximum shows the presence of the outer jet mode whereas the region below it shows robust bimodal behaviour attributed to both wall and inner jet modes. Counter-gradient momentum flux is effected by the outer jet mode intruding into the region below velocity maximum. These findings support the hypothesis of wall and free-jet structural modes, and indicate that the region below velocity maximum could be much complex than a conventional TBL.

JFM classification

Turbulent Flows: Turbulent boundary layers
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 988 , 10 June 2024 , A42
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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