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Free convection in liquid gallium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 1997

M. G. BRAUNSFURTH
Affiliation:
Department of Atmospheric Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
A. C. SKELDON
Affiliation:
School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
A. JUEL
Affiliation:
Department of Atmospheric Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
T. MULLIN
Affiliation:
Department of Atmospheric Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
D. S. RILEY
Affiliation:
School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK

Abstract

Free convection in liquid metals is of significant practical interest to the crystal-growing community since the adverse effects of convective instabilities in the melt phase can be frozen into the solid product. Here, we present the results of a combined numerical and experimental study of steady convective flows in a sample of liquid gallium which is heated at one end and cooled at the other. Experimental measurements of temperature distributions in the flow are compared with the standard Hadley-cell solution and with the numerical results obtained from a two-dimensional model. Excellent quantitative agreement is found between all three for low Grashof numbers but a systematic divergence between the results is seen as this parameter is increased.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 1997 Cambridge University Press

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