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Hydrodynamic impulse enhancement of a vortex ring interacting with an axisymmetric co-axial aperture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2021

JiaCheng Hu  and
Sean D. Peterson Open the ORCID record for Sean D. Peterson [Opens in a new window]
JiaCheng Hu
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ONN2L 3G1, Canada
Sean D. Peterson*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ONN2L 3G1, Canada
*
†Email address for correspondence: peterson@uwaterloo.ca
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Abstract

The dynamics of a vortex ring advecting towards and interacting with a solid wall with a coaxial aperture is governed by the aperture-to-ring radius ratio, $R_a/R_i$, which is parametrically explored herein through a series of numerical simulations for ring Reynolds numbers ranging from $Re=1000$ to $3000$. For $R_a/R_i \lessapprox 0.9$, the interaction largely resembles that of a vortex ring impacting a solid wall (impact regime), whereas, for $R_a/R_i \gtrapprox 1.3$, the ring passes through the aperture, with the influence of the interaction diminishing as $R_a/R_i$ increases (slip-through regime). When the aperture radius is approximately equal to that of the ring, however, an interesting phenomenon is observed, wherein the hydrodynamic impulse of the vortex ring is enhanced up to an additional 11 % at the highest considered Reynolds number when comparing with a free vortex ring that experiences no collision (herein termed the ‘vortex nozzle’ effect). Detailed investigation of the ‘vortex nozzle’ illustrates that the impulse enhancement is a consequence of two complementary effects: (i) fluid originating along the impact side of the wall is entrained into the ring, increasing its radius and volume; and (ii) the circulation loss during the interaction with the aperture tip is minimized due to the vortex core enveloping the aperture tip. In addition to ring impulse enhancement, the ‘vortex nozzle’ regime also exhibits the greatest volumetric flow rate through the nozzle and the highest loading on the structure, which may have practical engineering applications in smart material-based energy harvester designs.

JFM classification

Vortex Flows: Vortex dynamics Vortex Flows: Vortex interactions
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 917 , 25 June 2021 , A34
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Hu and Peterson movie 1

Vorticity evolution for R_a/R_i=0.6 at Re=2000.

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Video 474.2 KB

Hu and Peterson movie 2

Vorticity evolution for R_a/R_i=1.0 at Re=2000.

Download Hu and Peterson movie 2(Video)
Video 297.7 KB

Hu and Peterson movie 3

Vorticity evolution for R_a/R_i=1.4 at Re=2000.

Download Hu and Peterson movie 3(Video)
Video 281.7 KB