Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-pfhbr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-08T15:00:59.829Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Impact of a liquid mass on a perfectly plastic solid

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2006

P. A. Lush
P. A. Lush
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The City University, London
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The use of steady, normal and oblique shock configurations is explored in calculating the pressure and deformation produced by the impact of a liquid mass on a plane solid surface. Since pressures generated are very large, the change in bulk modulus of the liquid (water) is accounted for by using an equation of state following Field, Lesser & Davies (1979). The impact of a plane-ended liquid mass is analysed using a normal shock for the cases of a rigid surface and a perfectly plastic surface. For the former, it is found that pressures somewhat in excess of the ‘water-hammer’ pressure of linear acoustic theory are predicted, and for the latter there is a critical impact velocity below which no deformation occurs. Above this velocity the surface deforms at a constant rate, producing a pit with maximum depth at the centre.

If the liquid mass is wedge-shaped then an oblique shock is formed, which is attached to the contact point provided that the impact Mach number is large enough, as originally shown by Heymann (1969). Pressure and deformation velocity can again be calculated for the cases of rigid and perfectly plastic surfaces respectively. For a rigid surface it is confirmed that pressures considerably in excess of the plane-ended case are produced at shock detachment. For the plastic surface, it is found that there is no critical impact velocity and deformation can occur at any velocity as shock detachment is approached. For a cylindrical liquid mass with a conical tip, the pit produced again has maximum depth at the centre, but with a considerably increased value. The possible use of these models for pitting caused by microjets associated with cavitation bubbles and by impact of liquid drops is discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 135 , October 1983 , pp. 373 - 387
Copyright
© 1983 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Batchelor, G. K. 1967 An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics. Cambridge University Press.
Bowden, F. P. & Brunton, J. H. 1961 The deformation of solids by liquid impact at supersonic speeds. Proc. R. Soc. Lond A 263, 433–450.Google Scholar
Bowden, F. P. & Field, J. E. 1964 The brittle fracture of solids by liquid impact, by solid impact and by shock. Proc. R. Soc. Lond A 282, 331–352.Google Scholar
Brunton, J. H. & Rochester, M. C. 1979 Erosion of solid surfaces by impact of liquid drops. Treatise on Materials Science and Technology vol. 16 (ed. C. M. Preece), pp. 185–248. Academic.
Field, J. E., Lesser, M. B. & Davies, P. N. H. 1979 Theoretical and experimental studies of two-dimensional liquid impact. In Proc. 5th Intl Conf. on Erosion by Liquid and Solid Impact, Cambridge, 1979.
Heymann, F. J. 1969 High speed impact between a liquid drop and a solid surface J. Appl. Phys. 40, 5113–5122.Google Scholar
Lesser, M. B. 1979 The fluid mechanics of liquid drop impact with rigid surfaces. In Proc. 5th Intl Conf. on Erosion by Liquid and Solid Impact, Cambridge, 1979.
Lesser, M. B. 1981 Analytic solutions of liquid-drop impact problems. Proc. R. Soc. Lond A 377, 289–308.Google Scholar
Lush, P. A. 1979 Surface deformation produced by a cavitating flow. In Proc. 5th Intl Conf. on Erosion by Liquid and Solid Impact, Cambridge, 1979.Google Scholar
Plesset, M. S. & Chapman, R. B. 1971 Collapse of an initially spherical vapour cavity in the neighbourhood of a solid boundary J. Fluid Mech. 47, 238–290.Google Scholar
Tabor, D. 1951 The Hardness of Metals. Oxford University Press.