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On the stability of inhomogeneous fluids under acoustic fields

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 May 2023

Varun Kumar Rajendran ,
S.P. Aravind Ram  and
Karthick Subramani Open the ORCID record for Karthick Subramani [Opens in a new window]
Varun Kumar Rajendran
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram, Chennai 600127, India
S.P. Aravind Ram
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram, Chennai 600127, India
Karthick Subramani*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram, Chennai 600127, India
*
†Email address for correspondence: karthick@iiitdm.ac.in
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Abstract

In this work, we present the stability theory for inhomogeneous fluids subjected to standing acoustic fields. Starting from the first principles, the stability criterion is established for two fluids of different acoustic impedance (product of density and speed of sound of the fluid) separated by a plane interface. Through stability theory and numerical simulations, we show that, in the presence of interfacial tension, the relocation of high-impedance fluid from the pressure anti-node to the pressure node occurs when the acoustic force overcomes the interfacial tension force, which is in agreement with recent acoustic relocation experiments in the microchannel. Furthermore, we establish an acoustic Bond number that characterizes stable ($Bo_{a}<1$) and relocation ($Bo_{a}>1$) regimes. Remarkably, it is found that the critical acoustic energy density required for relocation can be significantly reduced by increasing the height of the channel which could help in designing acoustofluidic devices that handle immiscible fluids.

JFM classification

Micro-/Nano-fluid dynamics: Microfluidics
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 964 , 10 June 2023 , A23
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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