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Natural convection in an inclined square cavity in regions of density inversion of water

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2006

Hideo Inaba  and
Takeyuki Fukuda
Hideo Inaba
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katami Institute of Technology, Koen-Cho 165, Kitami, Hokkaido 090, Japan
Takeyuki Fukuda
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katami Institute of Technology, Koen-Cho 165, Kitami, Hokkaido 090, Japan
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Abstract

The steady laminar natural convection of water in an inclined square cavity is investigated experimentally and analytically at temperatures in the neighbourhood of maximum density near 4°C. One hot wall of the square cavity is maintained at various uniform temperatures from 2 to 20°C and the opposing cold wall is kept at a uniform temperature of 0°C, while the other walls are thermally insulated. Photographs and analytical descriptions of the flow patterns, temperature profiles in the water layer and average heat-transfer coefficients are presented in this paper for various surface temperatures Th of the hot wall and inclination angles of the square cavity θ from 0° (heated from below) to 180° (heated from above) by 30° intervals. From this study it should be noted that the density inversion of water has a strong effect on the natural convection occurring in the inclined square cavity, and the average heat-transfer coefficient is a peculiar function of the surface temperature of the hot wall, unlike previous results for Boussinesq fluids without density inversion. Solutions of the governing equations for steady two-dimensional laminar natural convection are obtained numerically, and the results obtained agree reasonably well with the experimental ones in the ranges of 30° < θ ≤ 180° for Th > 8°C, 0° ≤ θ ≤ 120° for Th < 8°C, and 0° ≤ θ ≤ 180° for Th = 8°C.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 142 , May 1984 , pp. 363 - 381
Copyright
© 1984 Cambridge University Press

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