Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-b95js Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-14T05:07:40.113Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prediction of installed jet noise

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 December 2016

B. Lyu ,
A. P. Dowling  and
I. Naqavi
B. Lyu*
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
A. P. Dowling
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
I. Naqavi
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
*
†Email address for correspondence: bl362@cam.ac.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A semianalytical model for installed jet noise is proposed in this paper. We argue and conclude that there exist two distinct sound source mechanisms for installed jet noise, and the model is therefore composed of two parts to account for these different sound source mechanisms. Lighthill’s acoustic analogy and a fourth-order space–time correlation model for the Lighthill stress tensor are used to model the sound induced by the equivalent turbulent quadrupole sources, while the trailing-edge scattering of near-field evanescent instability waves is modelled using Amiet’s approach. A non-zero ambient mean flow is taken into account. It is found that, when the rigid surface is not so close to the jet as to affect the turbulent flow field, the trailing-edge scattering of near-field evanescent waves dominates the low-frequency amplification of installed jet noise in the far-field. The high-frequency noise enhancement on the reflected side is due to the surface reflection effect. The model agrees well with experimental results at different observer angles, apart from deviations caused by the mean-flow refraction effect at high frequencies at low observer angles.

JFM classification

Acoustics: Acoustics Acoustics: Aeroacoustics Acoustics: Jet noise
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 811 , 25 January 2017 , pp. 234 - 268
Check for updates
Copyright
© 2016 Cambridge University Press 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amiet, R. K. 1975 Acoustic radiation from an airfoil in a turbulent stream. J. Sound Vib. 41 (4), 407–420.Google Scholar
Amiet, R. K. 1976a High frequency thin-airfoil theory for subsonic flow. AIAA J. 14 (8), 1076–1082.Google Scholar
Amiet, R. K. 1976b Noise due to turbulent flow past a trailing edge. J. Sound Vib. 47 (3), 387–393.Google Scholar
Amiet, R. K. 1978 Effect of the incident surface pressure field on noise due to turbulent flow past a trailing edge. J. Sound Vib. 57, 305–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ANSYS 2015 Fluent Theory Guide Release 16.0. ANSYS, Inc.Google Scholar
Arndt, R., Long, D. F. & Glauser, M. N. 1997 The proper orthogonal decomposition of pressure fluctuations surrounding a turbulent jet. J. Fluid Mech. 340, 1–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailly, C., Candel, S. & Lafon, P. 1996 Prediction of supersonic jet noise from a statistical acoustic model and a compressible turbulence closure. J. Sound Vib. 194, 219–242.Google Scholar
Bailly, C., Lafon, P. & Candel, S. 1994 Computation of subsonic and supersonic jet mixing noise using a modified k-𝜖 model for compressible free shear flows. Acta Acoust. 2, 101–112.Google Scholar
Béchara, W., Lafon, P., Bailly, C. & Candel, S. M. 1995 Application of a k-𝜖 turbulence model to the prediction of noise for simple and coaxial jets. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97 (6), 3518–3531.Google Scholar
Bhat, T. R. S. & Blackner, A. M. 1998 Installed jet noise prediction model for coaxial jets. In Proceedings of 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV. AIAA Paper 98-79.Google Scholar
Bondarenko, M., Hu, Z. & Zhang, X. 2012 Large-eddy simulation of the interaction of a jet with a wing. In Proceedings of 18th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Colorado Springs. AIAA Paper 2012-2254.Google Scholar
Bridges, J. & Wernet, M. P. 2010 Establishing consensus turbulence statistics for hot subsonic jets. In Proceedings of 16th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustic Conference, Stockholm. AIAA Paper 2010-3751.Google Scholar
Brown, C. A. 2013 Jet-surface interaction test: far-field noise results. Trans. ASME J. Engng Gas Turbines Power 135 (7), 71201.Google Scholar
Bushell, K. 1975 Measurement and prediction of jet noise in flight. In Proceedings of 2nd Aeroacoustics Conference, Hampton, VA. AIAA Paper 75-461.Google Scholar
Bychkov, O. P. & Faranosov, G. A. 2014 On the possible mechanism of the jet noise intensification near a wing. Acoust. Phys. 60 (6), 633–646.Google Scholar
Curle, N. 1955 The influence of solid boundaries upon aerodynamic sound. Proc. R. Soc. Lond A 231, 505–514.Google Scholar
Fisher, M. J., Harper-Bourne, M. & Glegg, S. A. L. 1977 Jet engine noise source location: the polar correlation technique. J. Sound Vib. 51, 23–54.Google Scholar
Goldstein, M. E. 2003 A generalized acoustic analogy. J. Fluid Mech. 488, 315–333.Google Scholar
Gradshteyn, I. S. & Ryzhik, I. M. 2007 Table of Integrals, Series, and Products, 7th edn. Elsevier Academic.Google Scholar
Gudmundsson, K. & Colonius, T. 2011 Instability wave models for the near-field fluctuations of turbulent jets. J. Fluid Mech. 689, 97–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Head, R. & Fisher, M. 1976 Jet/surface interaction noise – analysis of farfield low frequency augmentations of jet noise due to the presence of a solid shield. In Proceedings of 3rd Aeroacoustics Conference, Palo Alto, CA. AIAA Paper 76-502.Google Scholar
Jameson, A. 2008 Formulation of kinetic energy preserving conservative schemes for gas dynamics and direct numerical simulation of one-dimensional viscous compressible flow in a shock tube using entropy and kinetic energy preserving schemes. J. Sci. Comput. 34 (2), 188–208.Google Scholar
Jordan, P. & Colonius, T. 2013 Wave packets and turbulent jet noise. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 45, 173–195.Google Scholar
Karabasov, S. A., Afsar, M. Z., Hynes, T. P., Dowling, A. P., McMullan, W. A., Pokora, C. D., Page, G. J. & McGuirk, J. J. 2010 Jet noise: acoustic analogy informed by large eddy simulation. AIAA J. 48 (7), 1312–1325.Google Scholar
Kerhervé, F., Fitzpatick, J. & Jordan, P. 2006 The frequency dependence of jet turbulence for noise source modelling. J. Sound Vib. 296, 209–225.Google Scholar
Khavaran, A., Krejsa, E. A. & Kim, C. M. 1994 Computation of supersonic jet mixing noise for an axisymmetric convergent-divergent nozzle. J. Aircraft 31 (5), 603–609.Google Scholar
Launder, B. E. & Spalding, D. B. 1974 The numerical computation of turbulent flows. Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engng 3, 269–289.Google Scholar
Lawrence, J. L. T., Azarpeyvand, M. & Self, R. H. 2011 Interaction between a flat plate and a circular subsonic jet. In Proceedings of the 17th AIAA CEAS Aeroacoustic Conference, Portland, Oregon. AIAA Paper 2011-2745.Google Scholar
Lighthill, M. J. 1952 On sound generated aerodynamically. I. General theory. Proc. R. Soc. Lond A 211 (1107), 564–587.Google Scholar
Lighthill, M. J. 1954 On sound generated aerodynamically. II. Turbulence as a source of sound. Proc. R. Soc. Lond A 222, 1–32.Google Scholar
Lilley, G. M. 1974 On the noise from jets. AGARD Noise Mechanism CP-131 13, 1–12.Google Scholar
Lyu, B., Azarpeyvand, M. & Sinayoko, S. 2015 A trailing-edge noise model for serrated edges. In Proceedings of 21st AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Dallas, TX. AIAA Paper 2015-2362.Google Scholar
Lyu, B., Azarpeyvand, M. & Sinayoko, S. 2016 Noise prediction for serrated trailing edges. J. Fluid Mech. 793, 556–588.Google Scholar
Lyu, B. & Dowling, A. P. 2016 Noise prediction for installed jets. In Proceedings of 22nd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Lyon, France. AIAA Paper 2016-2986.Google Scholar
Macdonald, H. M. 1915 A class of diffraction problem. Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 14, 410–427.Google Scholar
Mead, C. & Strange, P. 1998 Under-wing installation effects on jet noise at sideline. In Proceedings of 4th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Toulouse, France. AIAA Paper 98-2207.Google Scholar
Mohan, N. K. D., Dowling, A. P., Karabasov, S. A., Xia, H., Graham, O., Hynes, T. P. & Tucker, P. G. 2015 Acoustic sources and far-field noise of chevron and round jets. AIAA J. 00 (0), 1–16.Google Scholar
Moore, A. 2004 A 3D prediction of the wing reflection of aero engine noise. In Proceedings of 10th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Manchester, UK. AIAA Paper 2004-2865.Google Scholar
Naqavi, I. Z., Wang, Z.-N., Tucker, P. G., Mahak, M. & Strange, P. 2016 Far-field noise prediction for jets using large-eddy simulation (LES) and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) method. Intl J. Aeroacoust. 15 (8), 757–780.Google Scholar
Papamoschou, D. 2010 Prediction of jet noise shielding. In Proceedings of the 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Irvine, CA. AIAA Paper 2010-653.Google Scholar
Pastouchenko, N. N. & Tam, C. K. W. 2007 Installation effects on the flow and noise of wing mounted jets. AIAA J. 45 (12), 2851–2860.Google Scholar
Pepper, C. B., Nascarella, M. A. & Kendall, R. J. 2003 A review of the effects of aircraft noise on wildlife and humans, current control mechanisms, and the need for further study. Environ. Manage. 32, 3024.Google Scholar
Piantanida, S., Jaunet, V., Huber, J., Wolf, W., Jordan, P. & Cavalieri, A. V. G. 2015 Scattering of turbulent-jet wavepackets by a swept trailing edge. In Proceedings of 21st AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustic Conference, Dallas, TX. AIAA Paper 2015-2998.Google Scholar
Roger, M. & Moreau, S. 2005 Back-scattering correction and further extensions of Amiet’s trailing-edge noise model. Part 1: theory. J. Sound Vib. 286 (1–2), 477–506.Google Scholar
Sengupta, G. 1983 Analysis of jet-airframe interaction noise. In Proceedings of 8th Aeroacoustics Conference, Seatte, WA. AIAA Paper 83-783.Google Scholar
Shearin, J. G.1983 Investigation of jet-installation noise sources under static conditions. NASA Tech. Rep. 2181.Google Scholar
Stevens, R., Bryce, W. & Szewczyk, V. 1983 Model and full-scale studies of the exhaust noise from a bypass engine in flight. In Proceedings of 8th Aeroacoustics Conference, Atlanta, GA. AIAA Paper 83-751.Google Scholar
Szewczyk, V. 1979 Coaxial jet noise in flight. In Proceedings of 5th Aeroacoustics Conference, Seattle, WA. AIAA Paper 79-636.Google Scholar
Tam, C. K. W. & Auriault, L. 1999 Jet mixing noise from fine-scale turbulence. AIAA J. 37 (2), 145–153.Google Scholar
Tinney, C. E., Glauser, M. N. & Ukeiley, L. S. 2008a Low-dimensional characteristics of a transonic jet. Part 1. Proper orthogonal decomposition. J. Fluid Mech. 612, 107–141.Google Scholar
Tinney, C. E. & Jordan, P. 2008 The near pressure field of co-axial subsonic jets. J. Fluid Mech. 611, 175–204.Google Scholar
Tinney, C. E., Ukeiley, L. S. & Glauser, M. N. 2008b Low-dimensional characteristics of a transonic jet. Part 2. Estimate and far-field prediction. J. Fluid Mech. 615, 53–92.Google Scholar
Vera, J., Self, R. H. & Kingan, M. J. 2015 The prediction of the radiated pressure spectrum produced by jet-wing interaction. In Proceedings of 21st AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustic Conference, Dallas, TX. AIAA Paper 2015-2216.Google Scholar
Wang, M. 1981 Wing effect on jet noise propagation. J. Aircraft 18, 295–302.Google Scholar
Way, D. & Turner, B. 1980 Model tests demonstrating under-wing installation effects on engine exhaust noise. In Proceedings of 6th Aeroacoustics Conference, Hartford, CA. AIAA Paper 80-1048.Google Scholar
White, F. M. 2005 Fluid Mechanics, 5th edn. McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Williams, J. E. F. 1963 The noise from turbulence convected at high speed. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 255, 469–503.Google Scholar
Williams, J. E. F. & Hall, L. H. 1970 Aerodynamic sound generation by turbulent flow in the vicinity of a scattering half plane. J. Fluid Mech. 40, 657–670.Google Scholar