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Steady compressible flow in collapsible tubes: application to forced expiration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2006

David Elad ,
Roger D. Kamm  and
Ascher H. Shapiro
David Elad
Affiliation:
Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
Roger D. Kamm
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
Ascher H. Shapiro
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
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Abstract

Steady, one-dimensional flow of a compressible fluid through a collapsible tube is analysed. A general model is employed, incorporating axial variations in the parameters of the conducting system, such as the tube unstressed cross-section area and wall stiffness, the external pressure and energy exchange with the environment. The flow variables are described in differential form as functions of the conduit system parameters. A coupled set of equations for the dependent flow variables is summarized in a table of influence coefficients, which provides a clear and simple description of the effects produced by the system parameters. Examples of the effects of fluid compressibility in the respiratory system are presented for forced expiration manoeuvres. The effects are found to be generally small, but are most accentuated when breathing heavy gases and when the airways are pathologically stiffened.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 203 , June 1989 , pp. 401 - 418
Copyright
© 1989 Cambridge University Press

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