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Glaciological Literature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2017

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Copyright © International Glaciological Society 1972

This is a selected list of glaciological literature on the scientific study of snow and ice and of their effects on the Earth; for the literature on polar expeditions, and also on the “applied” aspects of glaciology, such as snow ploughs, readers should consult the bibliographies in each issue of the Polar Record. For Russian material the system of transliteration used is that agreed by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use in 1947. Readers can greatly assist by sending reprints of their publications to the Society, or by informing Dr J. W. Glen of publications of glaciological interest. It should be noted that the Society does not necessarily hold copies of the items in this list, and also that the Society does not possess facilities for microfilming or photocopying.

References

General glaciology

Grosval’d, M. G. Glaciological and geomorphological research in the Eurasian Arctic with special reference to the Barents Sea area. Musk-Ox, No. 7, 1970, p. 1027. [General account of Soviet research.]Google Scholar
Keeler, C. M. Snow and ice. Eos. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 52, No. 6, 1971, p. 295302. [General review with extensive bibliography.]Google Scholar
Koslowski, G. Die WMO-Eisnomenklatur. Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift, Jahrg. 22, Ht. 6. 1969, p. 25667. [World Meteorological Organization revised (1967) list of ice terminology.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markov, K. K., and others. The geography of Antarctica, by K. K. Markov, V. I. Bardin, V. L. Lebedev, A. I. Orlov and I. A. Suyetova. Jerusalem, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 1970, vi, 370 p. [Includes chapters on glaciation, periglacial features, climate and geology. Translation of Geografiya Antarktidy. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo “Mysl”, 1968.]Google Scholar
Miller, M. M. Glaciological and geological investigations on the 1965 Mount Kennedy, Yukon, expedition. National Geographic Society Research Reports, 1965 projects, 1971, p. 16179. [Describes activities.]Google Scholar
Tushinskiy, G. K., and others. Inzhenerno-glyatsiologicheskoye rayonirovaniye Sovetskogo Soyuza [Zoning of the Soviet Union from the viewpoint of engineering glaciology]. [By] Tushinskiy, G. K., Troshkina, Ye. S., Malinovskaya, N. M.. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, Ser. 5, 26 God, [No.] 1, 1971, p. 37. [Distribution of ice phenomena which impinge on human activities: avalanches, glaciers, floating ice and others.]Google Scholar

Glaciological Instruments and Methods

Bogorodskiy, V. V., and others. Radiofizicheskiye issledovaniya v Arktike i Antarktike [Radiophysical studies in the Arctic and Antarctic]. [By] Bogorodskiy, V. V., Gusev, A. V., Spitsyn, V. A.. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Nos. 36–37, 1970, p. 16073. [Radio echo-sounding of ice and other remote sensing techniques applicable in polar regions.]Google Scholar
Ishikawa, M., and others. Sugi to karamatsu no keitai ni yoru sekisetsushin no suitei [Estimation of snow depth by tree forms of Cryptomeria Japonica and Japanese larch]. [By] Ishikawa, M., Kawaguchi, T. [and] Satō, S.. Seppyō, [Vol.] 32, [Nos.] 1–2, 1970, p. 1017. [Depth may be estimated by relation to height of branches drooping because of weight of snow or by study of scars on trunks due lo bending or breaking of branches by snow. English summary, p. 17.]Google Scholar
Sugiyama, T. Kūchū shashin ni yoru sanchi sekisetsu no sokutei [Snow survey by aerial photography in a mountainous region]. Seppyō, [Vol.] 32, [No.] 3, 1970, p. 5562. [Method used successfully in Japan. English summary, p. 62.]Google Scholar
Weiss, H. V., and others. Selenium and sulfur in a Greenland ice sheet. Relation to fossil fuel composition, [by] Weiss, H. V., Koide, M., Goldberg, E. D.. Science, Vol. 172, No. 3980, 1971, p. 26163. [Ratio of Se to S is indication of age of sample.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshida, Y. Hyōjō kara no onkyō sokushin ni tsuite [Echo-sounding [of ice-covered waters] from the surface of the ice]. Nankyoku Shiryō: Antarctic Record, [No.] 34, 1969, p. 1422. [Outline of equipment and results of echo-sounding experiments on lake ice and sea ice near “Syowa” station, Antarctica.]Google Scholar

Physics of ice

Adamson, A. W., and others. Contact angles on molecular solids. I. Ice, by Adamson, A. W., Shirley, F. P., and Kunichika, K. T.. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 34, No. 3, 1970, p. 46168. [Data for a number of liquids on polycrystalline ice and CS2 on basal plane of single crystal. Discussion of results in terms of whether surface is liquid-like.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anthony, T. R., and Cline, H. E. Thermal migration of liquid droplets through solids. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 42, No. 9, 1971, p. 338087. [Study of irreversible processes which occur when droplets migrate under a thermal gradient. Experiments performed on brine drops in KCl, but with applications to ice.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnold, G. P., and others. Neutron diffraction study of ice polymorphs under helium pressure, [by] Arnold, G. P., Wenzel, R. G., Rabideau, S. W., Nereson, N. G. and Bowman, A. L.. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 55, No. 2, 1971, p. 58995. [D2O polymorphs studied to 3.5 kbar. Phase boundaries and compressibilities reported, also crystal structures including ice III.]Google Scholar
Barnes, P., and others. Friction and creep of polycrystalline ice, by Barnes, P., Tabor, D. and Walker, J. C. F.. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Ser. A, Vol. 324, No. 1557, 1971, p. 12755. [Uniaxial compression and hardness tests of a wide range of strain-rates between 0° and – 48° C. Friction experiments of movement of cone of ice on hard surface. Applications to glacier flow.]Google Scholar
Bassett, D. R., and others. Adsorption studies on ice-nucleating substrates. Hydrophobed silicas and silver iodide, by Bassett, D. R., Boucher, E. A. and Zettlemoyer, A. C.. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 34, No. 3, 1970, p. 43646. [Study of properties needed for effective heterogeneous nucleation of ice.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, J. D., and others. Proton magnetic resonance evidence of a liquid phase in polycrystalline ice, by Bell, J. D., Myatt, R. W., Richards, R. E.. Nature, Physical Science, Vol. 230, No. 12, 1971, p. 9192. [Letter. Evidence that a small proportion of the protons are in a liquid-like state is discussed and various possible explanations are considered.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bezverkhniy, Sh. A., and others. Izluchatel’naya i otrazhatel’naya sposobnost’ l’da v infrakrasnoy oblasti spektra [Emissivity and reflectivity of ice in the infra-red region of the spectrum]. [By] Bezverkhniy, Sh. A., Bramson, M. A., Moiseyeva, Ye. V.. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Fizika Atmosfery i Okeana, Tom 6, No. 3, 1970, p. 31417. [Computer calculation, English translation in Izvestiya. Academy of Sciences U.S.S.R. Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1970, p. 177–79.]Google Scholar
Bunyatyan, B. Kh., and others. O vtorom momente linii protonnogo magnitnogo rezonansa l’da [Second moment of the proton magnetic resonance line of ice]. [By] Bunyatyan, B. Kh., Zhogolev, D. A., Matyash, I. V.. Ukrainskiy Fizicheskiy Zhurnal [Russian-language edition], Tom 15, No. 11, 1970, p. 192123. [Theory and experiment. Best agreement with particular molecular parameters.]Google Scholar
Burgman, J. O. Proton dynamics in ice studied by inelastic scattering of slow neutrons. Atompraxis, 16. Jahrg., Ht. 5, 1970, p. 32428. [Studies of pure and KOH-doped ice from 143 K to the melting point. Comparison of results with infra-red and Raman spectroscopy data.]Google Scholar
Cameron, J. A., and others. Mössbauer effect of ferrous ions in cubic ice, [by] Cameron, J. A. and Keszthelyi, L., Nagy, G. and Kacsoh, L.. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 8, No. 6, 1971, p. 62830. [Differential thermal analysis used to identify phase changes from ice III or ice V to ice Ic. Mössbauer measurements unaffected by presence of ice Ic.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chamberlain, J. S., and Fletcher, N. H. Low temperature polarization effects in ice. Physik der kondensierten Materie, Bd. 12, Ht. 3, 1971, p. 193209. [Peaks in electric current observed when HF-doped ice is warmed up in an electric field. Explanation in terms of point defects in ice.]Google Scholar
Dawson, R., and Hutchinson, W. C. A. Electrification accompanying the freezing of water. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 97, No. 411, 1971, p. 11823. [Study of factors affecting electrification mechanism.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Genadiev, N. Freezing of water under the action of AgI at temperatures close to 0°. Doklady Bolgarskoy Akademii Nauk, Tom 23, No. 11, 1970, p. 134548. [Study of formation of grape-like deposits which, if cooled to −5° to −7° C may then act as freezing nuclei at higher temperatures.]Google Scholar
Gold, L. W. Process of failure in ice. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1970, p. 40513. [Presents information on failure behaviour of columnar-grained ice during compressive creep and constant strain-rate tests. Describes role of crack formation in establishing failure condition.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodrich, L. E. Review of radiation absorption coefficients for clear ice in the spectral region 0.3 to 3 microns. Canada. National Research Council. Division of Building Research. Technical Paper No. 331, 1970, 14 p. [Literature survey with graph of best values.]Google Scholar
Gurevich, I. I., and others. Dvuzhchastotnaya pretsessiya myuoniya v magnitnom pole [Two-frequency precession of muonium in a magnetic field]. [By] Gurevich, I. I. [and 8 others]. Zhurnal Eksperimentalnoy i Teoreticheskoy Fiziki, Tom 60, Vyp. 2, 1971, p. 47182. [Hyperfine splitting studied for muonium in, among other things, ice. English translation in Soviet PhysicsJETP, Vol. 33, No. 2, 1971, p. 253–59.]Google Scholar
Hamlet, P., and Kevan, L. Optical bleaching of trapped electrons in γ-irradiated alkaline ice. Location of energy levels. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 93, No. 5, 1971, p. 110206. [Electron paramagnetic resonance study indicates shallow traps. Discussion of where de-trapped electrons go.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, F. S., jr. Water and ice cloud discrimination by laser beam scattering. Applied Optics, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1971, p. 73237. [Angular distribution of various polarization parameters can be used to identify ice clouds remotely.]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Higashi, A., and Fukuda, A. Kōri no kesshō no kōshikekkan no X-sen-teki kenkyū. [Investigations of lattice defects in ice crystals by the methods of X-ray diffraction]. Nippon Kesshō Gakkai-shi, [Vol.] 13, [No.] 2, 1970, p. 5867. [Review paper. Emphasis on study of asterism of Laue pattern and on use of diffraction topographs to reveal dislocations and their motion.]Google Scholar
Hoekstra, P., and others. Microwave dielectric measurements on anomalous water, [by] Hoekstra, P., Swinzow, G., Ackley, S., Doyle, W. T.. Nature, Physical Science, Vol. 229, No. 3, 1971, p. 9294. [Some samples of anomalous water show normal dielectric behaviour, others show much lower dielectric constant and dielectric loss than normal water.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holzapfel, W. B. Melting curve and the equation of state of ice VII in the 100 kbar range. High Temperatures. High Pressures, Vol. 1, No. 6, 1969, p. 67577. [X-ray measurements on ice VII used to derive equation of state. Doubt cast on experimental melting curve of Pistorius and others.]Google Scholar
Hunter, C. E., and Donn, B. Effect of methane, ammonia, and silicates on the 3.07-micron ice absorption in interstellar grains. Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 167, No. 1, Pt. 1, 1971, p. 7175. [Laboratory measurements show no change in absorption band positions except for silicates, and changes in relative intensities cannot explain absence of 3.07 μm interstellar band.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inoue, K. Slowing down of neutrons to very low temperatures by cold solid hydrogenous moderators. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 11, 1970, p. 58087. [Neutron temperature is much higher than ice temperature when ice is very cold. Explanation in terms of mechanism of interaction between neutrons and ice.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jellinek, H. H. G., and Chatterjee, A. K. Diffusion of radioactive sodium in polycrystalline ice. Physica Status Solidi A, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1971, p. 17379. [Activation energies for lattice and grain-boundary diffusion similar to those for Cs ions. Relation with other relaxation processes, and nature of grain boundaries, discussed.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamb, W. B. Hydrogen-bond stereochemistry and “anomalous water”. Science, Vol. 172, No. 3980, 1971, p. 23142. [General survey of theories of anomalous water shows that they are all inconsistent with existing concepts of H-bond stereochemistry.]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kawamura, T., and Kuroiwa, D. Mage ni tomonau kōri no teimen-pitto no kyodō [Behaviour of etch pits on the basal plane of ice associated with bending]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 6372. [Etching a sample immediately after bending produced etch pits and etch channels, the latter being attributed to dislocations producing non-basal slip moving under stress relaxation. Study of their velocity and direction. English summary, p. 71–72.]Google Scholar
Keszthelyi, L. Mit tudhatunk meg a jégről magfizikai módszerekkel [What is to be learned about ice by nuclear physical methods]? Fizikai Szemle, 20. Évfolyam, 8. Szám, 1970, p. 24248. [Mössbauer and nuclear magnetic resonance studies and what they tell us about frozen solutions of Fe and Ta salts.]Google Scholar
Kitahara, T., and others. Kōri no kōdo no sokutei. II. Omo ni kesshōmen ni yoru kōdo no chigai ni tsuite [Measurement of hardness of ice single crystals. II. Principally concerning hardness changes with crystal surface]. [By] Kitahara, T., Kawamura, T., Kobayashi, T.. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 8195. [Indentation hardness tests show (1120) plane harder than (0001) below −1° C. English summary, p. 95.] Google Scholar
Koster, A. S. Oxygen K emission spectra of ice, solid carbon dioxide, and solid alcohols. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 18, No. 5, 1971, p. 17071. [Measurement. Comparison of results with electron spectroscopy data.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kvajić, G., and Brajović, V. Anisotropy of growth of polycrystalline ice in constitutionally supercooled water. Canadian Journal of Physics, Vol. 49, No. 14, 1971, p. 186164. [Observations of encroachment of crystals of differing orientation as ice grows and discussion of mechanism.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lock, G. S. H., and Nyren, R. H. Analysis of fully-developed ice formation in a convectively-cooled circular tube. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 14, No. 6, 1971, p. 82534. [Theoretical analysis.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maeno, N. Enka-kariumu-hyō no yūden-bunsan. I. Kōon-ryōiki ni okeru yūden-bunsan.—II. Teion-ryōiki ni okeru yūden-bunsan [The dielectric dispersion of KCl ice. I. Dielectric dispersion in the high temperature region.—II. Dielectric dispersion in the low temperature region]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 115, 17–22. [Two papers reporting results above and below the eutectic temperature. English summaries p. 14–15, 22.]Google Scholar
Maeno, N. Kōri no naibu-yūkai to hyōmen-yūkai no kansatsu [Observations of internal and surface melting of ice]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 2331. [Study of nuclei for Tyndall figures, wave-length necessary for Tyndall figure formation and mode of surface melting under radiant heat. English summary, p. 30–31.]Google Scholar
Majoube, M. Fractionnement en 18O entre la glace et la vapeur d’eau. Journal de Chimie Physique et Physicochimie Biologique, Tom. 68, No. 4, 1971, p. 62536. [Measurement of fractionation factor of 18O between ice and water vapour.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, D. H. Experimental studies of a low-pressure air–water vapor–ice system. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1970, p. 43439. [Study of evaporation ice at low air pressures and of resulting ice temperature.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michaeli, G. Propagation kinetics of steps growing on the basal plane of ice crystals. Nature, Physical Science, Vol. 230, No. 13, 1971, p. 11718. [Sharp phase transition in ice surface observed at 264–271 K explained by formation of interfacial water layer.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minton, A. P. The far-ultraviolet spectrum of ice. Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 75, No. 8, 1971, p. 116264. [Measurements from 180 to 186 nm show results less like liquid water than expected.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitzdore, U., and Helmreich, D. Elastic constants of D2O ice and variation of intermolecular forces on deuteration. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 49, No. 3, Pt. 2, 1971, p. 72328. [Measurement of single crystal elastic stiffnesses of D2O between 0° and 140° C and deduction of molecular force constants.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mogensen, O., and others. Angular correlation of annihilation photons in ice single crystals, by Mogensen, O., Kvajić, G., Eldrup, M., and Milošević-Kvajić, M., Physical Review B, Third Ser., Vol. 4, No. 1, 1971, p. 7173. [Narrow central peak and side peaks observed. All attributed to parapositronium annihilation, the side peaks showing positronium is delocalized in ice.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nevskiy, A. S., and Malysheva, A. I. Massoobmen i teploperedacha pri plavlenii l’da v rastvorakh soley [Mass and heat transfer during the melting of ice in salt solutions]. Inzhenerno-Fizicheskiy Zhurnal, Tom 19, Vyp. 4, 1970, p. 65258, [Mass and heat transfer coefficients determined under various convection and bubbling conditions. English summary, p. 658.]Google Scholar
Paren, J. G., and Walker, J. C. F. Influence of limited solubility on the electrical and mechanical properties of ice. Nature, Physical Science, Vol. 230, No. 12, 1971, p. 7779. [Effect of impurities forming a second phase on the properties of ice is discussed.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pick, M. A., and others. The specific heat of pure and doped ice near 120° K, [by] Pick, M. A., Wenzl, H. and Engelhardt, H.. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, Bd. 26a, Ht. 5, 1971, p. 81014. [Anomaly observed that suggests a partial ordering of hydrogen below this temperature.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pisler, E., and Atkinson, W. R. Atmospheric electrical discharges in the presence of water and ice particles. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 76, No. 12, 1971, p. 280524. [Photographic examination of various electrical discharges involving water or ice in simulation of thunder-storm environment.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramseier, R. O. Mechanical behaviour of ice at high temperature. Bulletin of the. American Physical Society, Ser. 2, Vol. 15, No. 6, 1970, p. 812. [Abstract only. Constant stress and constant strain-rate tests on ice of different textures from – 35° C to −1.5° C.]Google Scholar
Rasmussen, D. H., and Mackenzie, A. P. The glass transition in amorphous water. Application of the measurements to problems arising in cryobiology. Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 75, No. 7, 1971, p. 96773. [Values for glass transition temperature of aqueous solutions of glycerol, ethylene glycol, and methanol, measured by differential thermal analysis, were extrapolated to obtain values for amorphous water.]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rogerson, J. E., and Chayt, G. A. Total melting time in the ablating slab problem. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 42, No. 7, 1971, p. 271113. [Exact theoretical solution for time to melt a slab when melted material is immediately removed.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Satō, N., and Kobayashi, T. Yōka-gin to yōka ammonia de kegasareta kōri no hyōmen ni arawareru kaidan-teki seichō [Growth steps on a surface contaminated with AgI and NH4I particles]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 7380. [High growth steps observed on basal surfaces of ice growing from vapour if both AgI and NH4I are present, but not with either by itself. English summary, p. 80.]Google Scholar
Sesselmann, I., and Helmreich, D. Einfluss von Fehlstellen und Verunreinigungen auf den Ordnungs-Unordnungs-Übergang im hexagonalen Eis Ih. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, Bd. 26a, Ht. 5, 1971, p. 80309. [Measurements of elastic constant c33 in pure and HF-doped D2O ice show an anomaly in the doped ice below 150 K opposite in sign from that found for H2O ice.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shiba, K., and Tange, S. Seppyō no gansui-ritsu no sokutei [Measurement of the free water content of snow or ice]. Ōyō Butsuri, [Vol.] 39, [No.] 12, 1970, p. 110105. [Apparatus for measuring free water content based on fact that apparent mass in water at 0° C depends on moisture content. English summary, p. 1101.]Google Scholar
Suzuki, S. Kōri no bikesshō no sodaika ni kansuru kenkyū. II.—III [Study of grain coarsening of microcrystals of ice. II.—III]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 3345, 47–61. [Grain growth of ice on a glass slide. II deals with changes during grain growth and HF impurities left at original grain boundaries. Ill reports three methods of measuring grain-boundary energy. English summaries, p. 44–45, 60–61.]Google Scholar
Takahashi, T., and Wakahama, G. Tōki ni okeru Mendenhōru-hyōga-chōsa. Hyōgahyō no denki-dendōdo no sokutei. Hyōga-naibu no mizu no zonzai [A study of Mendenhall Glacier ice in winter. Measurement of electrical conductivity of glacier ice. Existence of liquid water in the temperate glacier]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 10511. [Conductivity of glacier ice single crystals. Coefficient of permeability also deduced. English summary, p. 111.]Google Scholar
Tankin, R. S., and Farhadieh, R. Effects of thermal convection currents on formation of ice. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 14, No. 7, 1971, p. 95361. [Interferometer used to obtain isotherms in liquid and hence deduce convection pattern. Critical Rayleigh number for freezing from below deduced.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Unwin, P. N. T., and Muguruma, J. Transmission electron microscopy of ice. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 42, No. 9, 1971, p. 3640–41. [Method of producing specimens and observation of cavities in the ice. Explanation of their formation by irradiation damage and of their migration. Evidence for dislocations, including partial dislocations.]Google Scholar
Ushakova, L. A., and others. O vozmozhnosti sushchestvovaniya kvazizhidkoy plenki na poverkhnosti ledyanykh kristallov pri otritsatel’nykh temperaturakh [Possible existence of a quasi-liquid film on the surface of ice crystals at sub-zero temperatures]. [By] Ushakova, L. A., Kvlividze, V. I., Sklyankin, A. A.. (In Kiselev, V. F., and Kvlividze, V. I., ed. Svyazannaya voda v dispersnykh sistemakh [Bonded water in disperse systems], Vyp. 1. [Moscow], Izdatel’stvo Moskovskogo Universiteta, 1970, p. 15566.) [Review of surface properties of ice. Proposals for determining structure and properties of quasi-liquid layer.]Google Scholar
Valic, M. I., and others. Strong collision limit of spin-lattice relaxation in hexagonal ice, [by] Valic, M. I., Gornostansky, S. and Pintar, M. M.. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1971, p. 36264. [Measurement shows minimum in relaxation time-temperature relation, also anisotropy.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanier, C. R., and Tien, C. Thermal free convection from an ice sphere in water. Applied Scientific Research, Vol. 21, No. 5, 1969, p. 38788. [Letter. Comments on paper by J. Schenk and F. A. M. Schenkels, ibid., Vol. 19, No. 5, 1968, p. 465–76, and reply by Schenk and Schenkels.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wyard, S. J. Measurement by electron spin resonance spectroscopy of local concentrations of radiation-produced radicals. (In Adams, G. E., and others, ed. Charged particle tracks in solids and liquids. Proceedings of the second L. H. Gray conference … held at Cambridge, April 1969. Editors: G. E. Adams, G. K. Bewley, J. W. Boag. London, Institute of Physics and the Physical Society, [c 1970], p. 8692. (Institute of Physics and the Physical Society Conference Series, No. 8.)) [Review of work on radicals produced by irradiation in, among other things, alkaline, acidic and H2O2 doped ice.]Google Scholar
Zimbrick, J. D., and Myers, L. S., jr. EPR studies on trapped species produced in the gamma radiolysis of aqueous sugar ices. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 54, No. 7, 1971, p. 2899909. [Studies on H2O and D2O ices of trapped electrons and sugar radicals.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zolotarev, V. M. Opticheskiye postoyannyye l’da I v shirokoy infrakrasnoy oblasti spektra [Optical states of ice I in the far infra-red spectral region], Optika i Spektroskopiya, Tom 29, Vyp. 6, 1970, p. 112528. [Modified method of calculating optical constants from transmittance and reflection data.]Google Scholar

Land Ice. Glaciers. Ice Shelves

Aliverti, G. “Surges” dei ghiacciai della regione alpina. Bollettino del Comitato Glaciologico Italiano, Ser. 2, No. 18, 1970, p. 3541. [Glacier surges discussed ; suggests glacier waves occurring on tongue of Ghiacciaio del Lys may indicate surge.]Google Scholar
Árnason, B. Tvívetni í grunnvatni og joklum á Íslandi. Jökull, [Vol.]3, Ár 18, 1968, [pub.] 1969, p. 33749. [Deuterium measurements in ground water and glacier ice and potential use of results. English summary, p. 349.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belloni, S. Il bilancio idrologico delle Vedrette del San Giacomo. Bollettino del Comitato Glaciologico Italiano, Ser. 2, No. 18, 1970, p. 1934. [Results of studies on the hydrological balance of the glaciers of San Giacoma area presented and discussed.]Google Scholar
Belloni, S. Nota preliminare sulle ricerche lichenometriche nell’alveo vallivo del Ghiacciaio dei Forni. Bollettino del Comitato Glaciologico Ilaliano, Ser. 2, No. 18, 1970, p. 4350. [Lichenometric measurements on moraines in the Forni valley, compared with the position of the Front of Ghiacciaio dei Forni from 1833 to present day, enable conclusions to be made about the position of this glacier in the last 3 000 years.]Google Scholar
Borovik, E. S., and Kravtsova, V. I. Basseyny rek Malki, Baksana [Basins of the rivers Malka and Baksan]. Katalog lednikov SSSR [Catalogue of glaciers of the U.S.S.R.], Tom 8, Chast’ 5. Leningrad, Gidrometeorologicheskoye Izdatel’stvo, 1970. 148 p. [Part of the I.H.D. catalogue of glaciers of the U.S.S.R. giving details of what is known of the glaciers in this part of the northern Caucasus. The Tom number corresponds with that of Resursy poverkhnostnykh vod SSSR [Surface water resources of the U.S.S.R.].]Google Scholar
Brathay Exploration Group. The lake Hullet basin, Narssarssuaq, S.W. Greenland. Brathay Exploration Group. Expedition Fieldwork Report, No. 10, 1969, 92 p. [Includes survey of glaciers in area and study of ice-dammed lake Hullet.]Google Scholar
Budd, W. F., and others. Reinterpretation of deep ice temperatures, [by] Budd, W. F., Jenssen, D., Radok, U.. Nature, Physical Science, Vol. 232, No. 30, 1971, p. 8485. [Computer calculations of temperature profiles used to fit “Camp Century”, Greenland, data and to deduce rate of surface temperature change.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Icebergs. Sea, River and Lake Ice

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Endō, Y. Padoru no keisei kara shōmetsu made [Puddles observed on sea ice from the time of their appearance to that of their disappearance in Antarctica]. Teion-kagaku; Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 20313. [Description of puddles, and discussion of development and disappearance. English summary, p. 211–13.]Google Scholar
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Fridriksson, S. The effects of sea ice on flora, fauna, and agriculture, Jökull, Ár 19, 1969, [pub.] 1970, p. 14657. [Ice serving as a bridge for immigration of plants and animals; influence of ice on climate and thus on grass growth and agriculture.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Schell, I. I. Arctic ice and sea temperature anomalies in the northeastern North Atlantic and their significance for seasonal foreshadowing locally and to the eastward. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 98, No. 11, 1970, p. 83350. [Analysis made of a combined 6 years with an extreme northerly ice limit and relatively high sea temperatures and 6 years with an extreme southerly ice limit and relatively low sea temperatures during April–September and a relationship found between that and the contemporary and subsequent October–March air temperatures and precipitation locally and to the eastward.]2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Volkov, N. A., and others. Osnovnyye itogi zadachi razrabotki metodiki dolgosrochnykh ledovykh prognozov dlya arkticheskikh morey [Main results and tasks in working out methods of long-range ice forecasts for Arcticseas]. [By] Volkov, N. A., Gudkovich, Z. M., Kirillov, A. A., Kovalev, Ye. G., Smetannikova, A. V., Spichkin, V. A.. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Nos. 36–37, 1970, p. 86106. [Recent Soviet work.]Google Scholar
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Glacial Geology

Aalto, K. R. Glacial marine sedimentation and stratigraphy of the Toby Conglomerate (Upper Proterozoic), southeastern British Columbia, northwestern Idaho and northeastern Washington. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 7, 1971, p. 75387. [Detailed study of conglomerate shows it was deposited largely by sub-aqueous mudflows and submarine glacial wasting, thus supporting theory of world-wide occurrence of a Late Pre-Cambrian ice age.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Alhonen, P. Vatulanharjun geologiaa [The geology of the Vatula esker, south-west Finland]. Terra, Vuosikerta 83, No. 2, 1971, p. 8186. [Discusses structure and formation. English summary, p. 81.]Google Scholar
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Auer, V. The Pleistocene of Fuego-Patagonia. Part V: Quaternary problems of southern South America. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae. Ser. A, 3, Geologica-Geographica, Tom. 100, 1970, 194 p. [Extensive review of literature on movements and distribution of ancient and present-day glaciers, and on periglacial phenomena, in this region. Climatic variation and shore-line displacement investigated by means of tephrachronology and pollen analysis.]Google Scholar
Bkochu, M. Existence possible d’une zone périglaciaire actuelle et d’une zone glaciaire Pléistocène à la partie sommitale du Pico do Fogo dans l’archipel du Cap Vert. Revue de Géographie de Montréal, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1971, p. 9597. [Suggests summit of this mountain in the Azores was glaciated during the Pleistocene.]Google Scholar
Cailleux, A. Lacs en ourson, cernes et thermokarst. Cahiers de Géographie de Québec, 15e An., No. 34, 1971, p. 13136. [Describes these Canadian lakes of glacial origin, and suggests mode of formation.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, R. J. The late-Weichselian glaciations of the Erne Basin. Irish Geography, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1970, p. 15361. [Study of direction of flow and conclusions concerning ice sheet in this part of Ireland.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Dunn, P. R., and others. Late Pre-Cambrian glaciation in Australia as a stratigraphic boundary, [by] Dunn, P. R., Thomson, B. P., Rankama, K.. Nature, Vol. 231, No. 5304, 1971, p. 498502. [Establishment of a chronostratigraphic unit for the Pre-Cambrian, based on study of Late Pre-Cambrian glaciogenic rocks, is proposed for use in Australia and eventually throughout the world.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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McKenzie, G. D. Glacial geology of Adams Inlet, southeastern Alaska. Ohio State University. Institute of Polar Studies. Report No. 25, 1970, viii, 121 p. [Detailed study of glacial history of area described and related to that of other parts of Glacier Bay, particularly Muir Inlet.]Google Scholar
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Mark, D. M. Trend surface analysis of radiocarbon ages of glaciomarine sediments. Albertan Geographer, No. 7, 1971, p. 5051. [Promising results of investigation into pattern of Pleistocene glaciation in Washington (state), U.S.A., and British Columbia.]Google Scholar
Mörner, N.-A. Eustatic and climatic oscillations. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1971, p. 16771. [Supports theory that oscillating global climates demand an oscillating eustatic sea-level, but suggests the curve should be of low amplitude.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mörner, N.-A. Eustatic changes during the last 20,000 years and a method of separating the isostatic and eustatic factors in an uplifted area. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1971, p. 15381. [Results from Swedish west coast and Kattegatt.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mörner, N.-A. The position of the ocean level during the interstadial at about 30 000 b.p. A discussion from a climatic-glaciologic point of view. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1971, p. 13243. [Suggests that a eustatic sea-level about the same level as present was impossible at 30 000 b.p.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okko, M., and Perttunen, M. A mound field in the second Salpausselkä ice-marginal belt at Kurhila, southern Finland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, No. 43, Pt. 1, 1971, p. 4754. [Studies indicate mounds are a type of ice-marginal deposit not previously known to exist in Finland.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pippan, T. Characteristics of valley sections in a moderate relief controlled by fluvial erosion (Puerto Rico) compared with such influenced by both fluvial and glacial erosion (Alpine Flysch zone and Bohemian Forest). zeitschrift für Geomorpholcgie, Supplementband 9, 1970, p. 11926. [Depth and upper width of valleys, and the slope of their sides, in the non-glaciated Puerto Rico area is greater than in the other areas.]Google Scholar
Portmann, J.-P. Géomorphologie de l’aire myriamétrique de Poste-de-la-Baleine (Nouveau-Québec). Cahiers de Géographie de Québec, 15e An., No. 34, 1971, p. 5376. [General description of area; marked evidence of previous glaciations.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Portmann, J.-P. Présence de moraine de fond à Poste-de-la-Baleine (Nouveau-Québec). Cahiers de Géographie de Québec, 14e An., No. 32, 1970, p. 24351. [Suggests till found on bed of Great Whale River is of ancient, not recent, glacial origin.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, P. A. W. Glacial geomorphology of the Saglek Fiord area of northeast Labrador. McGill Sub-Arctic Research Papers, No. 24, 1969, p. 11523. [1967 field work on: glacial history of area; technique of surface block orientation applied to investigation of ice movement in areas of mountain-top detritus; and processes responsible for deposition of Nakvak terraces.]Google Scholar
Theakstone, W. H. Sediments, structures and processes. Studies at the Østerdalsisen glacier-dammed lake, 1970. Aarhus Universitet. Geografisk Institut. Laboratoriet for Fysisk Geografi. Shifter, No. 2, 1970, [19] leaves. [Describes structures revealed by exposure of 70 m thick sedimentary sequence.]Google Scholar
Tipper, H. B. Multiple glaciation in central British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 7, 1971, p. 74352. [Discusses Pleistocene glacial history of area.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Updike, R. G., and Péwé, T. L. The glacial and related Quaternary events of the San Francisco Peaks, Arizona. (In Smith, C. T., ed. Guidebook to Four Corners, Colorado Plateau, central Rocky Mountain region, 1970. Cedar City, Utah, National Association of Geology Teachers, [1971], p. 3942.) [Brief outline of glacial sequence.]Google Scholar

Frost Action on Rocks and Soil. Frozen Ground. Permafrost

Baulin, V. V., and others. Novyye dannyye o stroyenii mnogeletnemerzlykh porod v nizov’vakh r. Vilyuy [New data on the structure of rocks frozen for many years along the course of the Vilyuy river]. [By] Baulin, V. V., Shutkin, A. Ye. [and] Danilova, N. S.. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Geograficheskaya, 1970, No. 1, p. 7582.Google Scholar
Bergersen, O. F., and Follestad, B. A. Evidence of fossil ice wedges in Early Weichselian deposits at Foss-Eikjeland, Jaeren, south-west Norway. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bd. 25, Ht. 1, 1971, p. 3945. [Significance in placing of deposits in Pleistocene stratigraphy.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowley, W. W., and Burghardt, M. D. Thermodynamics and stones. Eos. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 52, No. 1, 1971, p. 47. [Explains how freezing and subsequent thawing of soil causes upward movement of stones therein.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brosche, K.-U. Beobachtungen an rezenten Periglazialerscheinungen in einigen Hochgebirgen der Iberischen Halbinsel (Sierra Segura, Sierra de Gredos, Serra da Estrêla, Sierra del Moncayo). Erde, 102. Jahrg., Ht. 1, 1971, p. 3452. [Observations on periglacial phenomena in the mountains of Spain and Portugal.]Google Scholar
Büdel, J. Der Eisrinden-Effekt als Motor der Tiefenerosion in der exzessiven Talbildungszone. Würzburger Geographische Arbeiten, Ht. 25, 1969, 41 p. [Part played by so-called ice rind (uppermost part of permafrost beneath active layer) in depth erosion of valleys in non-glaciated polar regions. English summary, p. 38–39.]Google Scholar
Day, J. H., and Rice, H. M. The characteristics of some permafrost soils in the Mackenzie Valley, N.W.T. (In Nelson, J. G., and Chambers, M. J., ed. Vegetation, soils and wildlife. Toronto, etc., Methuen, 1 [c 1969], p. 13954. (Process and Method in Canadian Geography.)) [Describes permafrost soils in 3 localities each with different vegetation; the morphological, chemical, physical and mineralogical characteristics of several soil profiles; and the effect of permafrost and vegetation on soil development.]Google Scholar
French, H. M. Ice cored mounds and patterned ground, southern Banks Island, western Canadian Arctic. Geograjiska Annaler, Vol. 53A, No. 1, 1971, p. 3238. [Describes distinctive type of ice cored hummock which occurs in Masik valley in association with distinctive type of patterned ground and soil development.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harwood, T. A., and Brown, R. J. E. Permafrost. (In Smith, C. H., ed. Background papers on the earth sciences in Canada. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 69–56, 1970, p. 12433.) [General survey of activities in Canada.]Google Scholar
Keeble, A. B. Freeze-thaw cycles and rock weathering in Alberta. Albertan Geographer, No. 7, 1971, p. 3442. [Laboratory experiments suggest that freezing and thawing is important in rock break-down in these latitudes and is probably the dominant type of mechanical weathering here.]Google Scholar
Kinosita, S., and others. Kitami ni okeru tōjō kansoku shōwa nen tōki [Observation of frost heave in Kitami (1969–70)]. [By] Kinosita, S., Suzuki, Y., Horiguchi, K., Tanuma, K. [and] Ōno, T.. Teion-kagaku : Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [Supplement to No.] 28, Shiryō Shū: Data Report, 1970, p. 8184.Google Scholar
Kinosita, S., and others. Tōjō to chika-suii tono kankei. II [The relation between frost heaving and underground water level. II]. [By] Kinosita, S., Suzuki, Y., Horiguchi, K. [and] Tanuma, K.. Teion-kagaku : Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 32536. [Equation suggested for relationship. English summary, p. 336.]Google Scholar
Mackay, J. R. The origin of massive icy beds in permafrost, western Arctic coast, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1971, p. 397422. [Suggests that massive ground ice, observed in undisturbed and glacially disturbed Pleistocene sediments and in drill hole cuttings and cores, is of segregation origin. The source of excess water was from expulsion of ground water during the freezing of sands and high water pressures developed beneath an aggrading impermeable permafrost cover.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Outcalt, S. I. An algorithm for needle ice growth. Water Resources Research, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1971, p. 394400. [Algorithm based on hypothesis that variations in morphology of needle ice growth can be traced to variability in surface energy transfer, soil water tension, and the thermal-hydraulic properties of the near-surface soil layers during needle evolution.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potts, A. S. Fossil cryonival features in central Wales. Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 53A, No. 1, 1971, p. 3951. [Areal distribution of features described and discussed in relation to factors affecting this distribution.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Semmel, A. Verwitterungs- und Abtragungserscheinungen in rezenten Periglazialgebieten (Lappland und Spitzbergen). Würzburger Geographische Arbeiten, Ht. 26, 1969, 82 p. [Observations on patterned ground reported and influence of periglacial processes on existing relief discussed. English summary, p. 81–82.]Google Scholar
Soutadé, G. Exhumation de sols polygonaux et dégradation de la pelouse d’altitude sur Le Pla de Gorra Blanc (2450 m), Massif du Puigmal—Pyrénées méditerranéennes. Bulletin de l’Association de Géographes Français, No. 384, 1970, p. 25976. [Polygonal soils observed in this area, visible through vegetation.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vivian, R. Cryoclastie et érosion glaciaire. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (Paris), Sér. D, Tom. 272, No. 20, 1971, p. 252426. [Freezing and unfreezing of ice beneath a moving glacier and the effect of the process on the formation of proglacial margins.]Google Scholar
Washburn, A. L. Instrumental observations of mass-wasting in an Arctic climate. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementband 9. 1970, p. 10218. [Conclusions from field work in the Mesters Vig area of Greenland.]Google Scholar
White, S. E. Rock glacier studies in the Colorado Front Range, 1961 to 1968. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1971, p. 4364. [Describes and discusses appearance, behaviour and glacial history of Arapaho, Taylor and Fair rock glaciers.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yong, R. N., and Osler, J. C. Heave and heaving pressures in frozen soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1971, p. 27282. [Reappraisal of existing concepts to include hitherto unexplained facets of the observed behaviour of frozen soils.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meteorological and Climatological Glaciology

Auer, A. H., jr. Observations of ice crystal nucleation by droplet freezing in natural clouds. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1971, p. 28590. [Observation in orographic cloud caps of effect of AgI production of ice crystals with cloud droplet embryos.]2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boucher, R. J., and Ottersten, H. Doppler radar observation of wind structure in snow. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1971, p. 22833. [Describes measuring technique, using snow as the wind tracer.]2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, D. W. Icing of wires in Canada. Proceedings of the 27th annual Eastern Snow Conference, 1970, p. 4657. [Progress report on collection of data. Tentative conclusions presented about relative severity of icing loads for use in design of communication and power transmission lines.]Google Scholar
Cheng, R. J. Water drop freezing: ejection of microdroplets. Science, Vol. 170, No. 3965, 1970, p. 139596. (Description of phenomenon, which with electrical properties of droplets is a possible mechanism for charge generation in thunder-storms.]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, B. L. In situ X-ray analysis of ice crystal fallout from seeded clouds. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 28, No. 1, 1971, p. 99109. [Data on ice crystal shapes, numbers and volume.]2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabarashvili, T. G., and Gvelesiani, A. I. Ob osobennostyakh zamerzaniya pereokhlazhdennykh kapel’ vody stalkivayushchikhsya s gradinoy v elektricheskom pole [A description of the freezing of supercooled water drops colliding with hail in an electric field]. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Fizika Atmosfery i Okeana, Tom 6, No. 9, 1970, p. 96064. [Study of phenomenon shows electric field changes spreading of drop on ice surface, crystallization kinetics, and bubble structure of ice. English translation in Izvestiya. Academy of Sciences, U.S.S.R. Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Vol. 6, No. 9, 1970 [pub. 1971], p. 571–74.]Google Scholar
Holmgren, B. Climate and energy exchange on a sub-polar ice cap in summer. Arctic Institute of North America Devon Island Expedition 1961–1963. Meddelanden från Uppsala Universitets Meteorologiska Institution, Nr. 107–12, 1971, 83, 43, 43, 29, 111, 53 p. [Report in six parts on climatology and various components of energy exchange at snow surface of Devon Island ice cap in Arctic Canada.]Google Scholar
Huffman, P. J., and Ohtake, T. Formation and growth of ice fog particles at Fairbanks, Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 76, No. 3, 1971, p. 65765. [Mechanism proposed.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koenig, L. R. Numerical modeling of ice deposition. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1971, p. 22637. [Method of computing rate of growth by deposition from vapour, including effect of forced convection as crystal falls through air.]2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolosova, N. V. Pyatyy mezhduvedomstvennyy seminar po probleme “Gidrometeorologicheskiye usloviya obledeneniya sudov” [Fifth interdepartmental seminar on the problem “Hydrological conditions for icing of ships”]. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 35, 1970, p. 11819. [At Kaliningrad, May 1969.]Google Scholar
List, R., and Schemenauer, R. S. Free-fall behavior of planar snow crystals, conical graupel and small hail. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 28, No. 1, 1971, p. 11015. [Experimental determination of drag coefficients of models of crystals and deduction of fall behaviour.]2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mossop, S. C. Some hailstones of unusual shape. Weather, Vol. 26, No. 5, 1971, p. 222 [photographs on p. 220 and cover]. [Knobbly hailstones in Sydney, Australia, 3 January 1971.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plass, G. N., and Kattawar, G. W. Radiative transfer in water and ice clouds in the visible and infrared region. Applied Optics, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1971, p. 73848. [Calculation of radiance and polarization shows differences that could be used to identify ice clouds remotely.]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stewart, R. Ice, snow and hot water. Proceedings of the 27th annual Eastern Snow Conference, 1970, p. 5862. [Inadvertent weather modification due to thermal discharge from nuclear-fuelled power generating plants described, and beneficial ways of using discharge suggested.]Google Scholar
Weickmann, H. K., and others. The Great Lakes project, [by] Weickmann, H. K., Jiusto, J., McVehil, G., Pilie, R. and Warburton, J.. Proceedings of the 27th annual Eastern Snow Conference, 1970, p. 1831. [Experiments on cloud seeding described in order to prevent heavy snowfalls over Buffalo area.]Google Scholar

Snow

Anderson, J. A., and Rockwood, D. M. Runoff synthesis for rain-on-snow basin. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 38th annual meeting, 1970, p. 8290. [Describes streamflow synthesis portion of the streamflow synthesis and reservoir regulation (SSARR) model, and illustrates reconstitution of streamflow resulting from rainflow and/or snow melt on the Willamette Basin Snow Laboratory, Oregon.]Google Scholar
Brown, J. W. An approach to snow load evaluation. Proceedings oj the Western Snow Conference, 38th annual meeting, 1970, p. 5260. [Problem of calculating snow loads on roofs from ground snow load, with reference to data from Nevada.]Google Scholar
Ganovan, R. A. A November snowfall in south-east England. Weather, Vol. 25, No. 11, 1970, p. 47886. [Sequence of events which led to unusual occurrence of snowfall in 1969.]Google Scholar
Corbel, J., and others. Étude physico-chimique et hypothèses de formation d’un gypse oristallisé découvert sur les neiges du Spitzberg, [par] Corbel, J., Murat, M. Gallo, et G.. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (Paris), Sér. D, Tom. 270, No. 24, 1970, p. 288790. [Study of a gypsum deposit found on the snow in Spitsbergen and hypotheses about its formation.]Google Scholar
Coulson, C. A. Snow course weighting procedure. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 38th annual meeting, 1970, p. 7481. [Water equivalents from many snow courses in or near a watershed were combined to obtain more accurate run-off forecasts in British Columbia.]Google Scholar
Crow, L. W., and others. The surface instrument network of the Upper Colorado River Pilot Project, by Crow, L. W., Chappell, C. F. and Jones, G. W.. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 38th annual meeting, 1970, p. 1623. [Objective and operation of network described.]Google Scholar
Davar, K. S. Snowmelt measurements and their use in synthesizing snowmelt hydrographs. Proceedings of the 27th annual Eastern Snow Conference, 1970, p. 8797. [Establishment of network of snow melt plots, for measuring total amount and rate of snow melt, in a stream basin is described, and results discussed.]Google Scholar
Ferland, M., and Gosselin, P. Water equivalent measurements with snow pillows in the Laurentians. Proceedings of the 27th annual Eastern Snow Conference, 1970, p. 6775. [Depending upon climatic conditions, the pressure pillow may be useful for indicating snow accumulation and ablation in this area.]Google Scholar
Fisher, W. H., and Sporns, U. Snow and reservoir management in Canada for the Columbia River Treaty Operation. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 38th annual meeting, 1970, p. 16. [Describes objectives of management, and methods established for achieving these, and procedures for obtaining seasonal run-off forecasts.]Google Scholar
George, T. A. The Deschutes River hydrograph forecast. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 38th annual meeting, 1970, p. 6873. [Describes procedure used to obtain successful forecasts of critical levels and dates of these levels at Bend, Oregon.]Google Scholar
Gray, D. M., and others. Densities of prairie snowpacks, by Gray, D. M., Norum, D. I. and Dyck, G. E.. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 38th annual meeting, 1970, p. 2430. [Results presented of observations on density, effect of drifting, and seasonal variations in density.]Google Scholar
Hannaford, J. F., and others. The development and application of a hydrologic model as an operational tool, by Hannaford, J. F., Bush, R. H. and Barsch, R. E.. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 38th annual meeting, 1970, p. 715. [Development of hydrologic computer model of Kings River basin, California, to assist in forecasting run-off.]Google Scholar
Huzioka, T., and others. Nadare kansoku jikkenshitsu jikkenshamen no setsushitsii chōsa hōkoku. IV [Report of investigation of snow conditions in avalanche research experimental cave and slope, Toikanbetsu, northern Hokkaido. IV (1969–70)]. [By] Huzioka, T., Shimizu, H., Akitaya, E. [and] Narita, H.. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [Supplement to No.] 28, Shiryō Shū: Data Report, 1970, p. 3742.Google Scholar
Ishikawa, N., and Ishida, T. Kōri oyobi yuki no naibu-shōon. I [An experimental study of local temperature increase in snow and ice. 1]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 16573. [This increase was affected by wind velocity, amount of radiation and the temperature at the bottom of the sample of snow or ice. English summary, p. 172–73.]Google Scholar
Kitahara, T., and Kuroiwa, D. Sekisetsu no atsumitsuka ni tomonau hiteikō no henka [The variation of d.c. resistivity of accumulated snow during the densification process]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 11324. [Describes and discusses results of laboratory compression at −10° C over period of several days. English summary, p. 124.]Google Scholar
Kobayashi, D. Jifubuki no hassei to hattatsu [Generation and development of drifting snow]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 14146. [Growth length required for drifting snow to develop to 90% of the snow transport capacity of wind is 30–60 m. English summary, p. 145–46.]Google Scholar
Kobayashi, S., and Ishida, T. Jifubuki-toki ni okeru kaze no ranryū [On wind turbulence during drifting snow]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 12533. [Presents and discusses results of measurements made at height of 1 m above snow surface at Hokkaido, Japan, from January to March 1969. English summary, p. 133.]Google Scholar
Kobayashi, S., and Ishikawa, N. Jifubuki-toki ni okeru sekisetsu-hyōmen-sō no shinshoku to taiseki. II [Snow erosion and snow accumulation by wind of the surface layer of accumulated snow during snow drifting. II]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 13540. [Relates snow drift forms to wind speed and scale of turbulence. English summary, p. 139.]Google Scholar
Kojima, K., and others. Moshiri ni okeru yūsetsu: kishō kansoku shiryō (1968) [Observations of snow melt and micrometeorology in Moshiri (Hokkaido) (1968)]. [By] Kojima, K., Kobayashi, D., Kobayashi, S., Naruse, R. [and] Ishikawa, N.. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [Supplement to No.] 28, Shiryō Shū: Data Report, 1970, p. 123.Google Scholar
Kojima, K., and others. Moshiri no shōryūiki ni okeru yūsetsu, ryūshutsu oyobi netsu-shūshi no kenkyū. I [Studies of snow melt, run-off, and heat balance in a small drainage area in Moshiri, Hokkaido. 1]. [By] Kojima, K., Kobayashi, D., Kobayashi, S., Aburakawa, H. [and] Ishikawa, N.. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 17590. [Consideration of areal differences in rate of snow melt and of meteorological conditions in this region in April. English summary, p. 189–90.]Google Scholar
Kojima, K., and others. Sapporo no heichi sekisetsu danmen sokutei shiryō hōkoku Shōwa 43–44 nen tōigi [Report of observations of section of snow accumulation on flat land in Sapporo, 1968–69]. [By] Kojima, K., Kobayashi, D., Kobayashi, S., Akitaya, E., Narita, H. [and] Ishikawa, N.. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [Supplement to No.] 28, Shiryō Shū: Data Report, 1970, p. 2536.Google Scholar
Lutes, D. A. Snow loads for the design of roofs in Canada. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 38th annual meeting, 1970, p. 6167. [Determination of proper design snow loads in accordance with the National Building Code of Canada discussed.]Google Scholar
Manley, G. The mountain snows of Britain. Weather, Vol. 26, No. 5, 1971, p. 192200. [Compares observations from different regions and discusses depth and persistence of snowfall.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naruse, R. Nankyoku-Shōwakichi taigan no tairikuengan ni okeru jifubukiryō no sokutei [Measurement of drifting snow on the coast of the Antarctic continent opposite “Syowa” station]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 14754. [From the vertical distribution of drift flux obtained by snow traps, the total drift snow transport at various wind speeds was calculated and compared with that of “Byrd” station and of Sapporo. English summary, p. 153–54.]Google Scholar
Naruse, R., and others. Kion yūsetsu no yagaikenkyū [Field studies on snow melt due to sensible heat transfer from the atmosphere]. [By] Naruse, R., Ōura, H. [and] Kojima, K.. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28. 1970, p. 191202. [Heat balance studies establish relationship between ablation rate due to sensible heat transfer and meteorological factors such as air temperature and wind speed above the snow surface. English summary, p. 201–02.]Google Scholar
Obedkoff, W., and Russell, S. O. Using all available hydrologic data. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 38th annual meeting, 1970, p. 3136. [Applicability to South Thompson River basin, British Columbia, of grid square method for estimating distribution of mean annual run-off over large areas, and extension of method to make use of snow course data as well as meteorological and streamflow data.]Google Scholar
Ohtake, T. Factors affecting the size distribution of raindrops and snowflakes. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 27, No. 5, 1970, p. 80413. [Size distribution of raindrops depends on that of snow-flakes from which they form.]2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, G. L. Hydro-climatological trends and variability in mountains of the western United States. Proceedings of the 27th annual Eastern Snow Conference, 1970, p. 617. [Difficulties stressed of obtaining accurate advance knowledge of the flow of rivers fed by melting snowpack of remote and inaccessible mountains.]Google Scholar
Pipes, A., and others. Simulating snowmelt hydrographs for the Fraser River system, by Pipes, A., Quick, M. C. and Russell, S. O.. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 38th annual meeting, 1970, p. 9197. [Describes development of computer simulation model of Fraser River system for flood forecasting, etc.]Google Scholar
Podzimek, J. Aggregation of ice crystals related to the problem of heavy snowfall. Proceedings of the 27th annual Eastern Snow Conference, 1970, p. 3245. [Microstructure of heavy snowfall clouds examined, using material from laboratory studies of behaviour of falling ice crystal models and results from investigations into aggregate forms of natural and artificial ice crystals.]Google Scholar
Quick, M. C. Laboratory simulation of snowmelt. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 38th annual meeting, 1970, p. 3743. [Equipment, experiments and results described.]Google Scholar
Schaerer, P. A. Variation of ground snow loads in British Columbia. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 38th annual meeting, 1970, p. 4448. [Relationship between elevation and ground snow load established in order to calculate expected snow loads on roofs.]Google Scholar
Shannon, W. G., and Freeman, T. G. Snow survey telemetry networks and future plans. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 38th annual meeting, 1970, p. 98101. [Some general principles discussed.]Google Scholar
Thom, B. G., and Granberg, H. Patterns of snow accumulation in a forest-tundra environment, central Labrador–Ungava. Proceedings of the 27th annual Eastern Snow Conference, 1970, p. 7686. [Sequence of events throughout winter summarized. Effect of topography and vegetation described.]Google Scholar
Thom, H. C. S. Development of snow load design data for the United States. Proceedings of the. Western Snow Conference, 38th annual meeting, 1970, p. 4951. [Discusses proposed new ANSI (American National Standards Institute) Standard for snow load design.)Google Scholar
Yamada, T., and others. Daisetsu-san ni okeru kōkasetsu no kenkyū [Studies of hardened snow on Mt. Daisetsu]. [By] Yamada, T., Tusima, K., Aburakawa, H., Satō, N. [and] Nakao, M.. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 28, 1970, p. 15564. [Reports types and areal and vertical distribution of hardened snow on this Japanese mountain. English summary, p. 164.]Google Scholar