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The uncritical excesses of those theorists, chiefly German and some English following them blindly, who discerned ‘faded gods or goddesses’ in most of the leading figures of Greek mythology, has produced a reaction which may be equally uncritical. We ought not to believe in the original divinity of an Agamemnon, an Achilles, or a Diomed. Nevertheless, there is undoubtedly a small group of personages, who may be called hero-gods or heroine-goddesses, whose godhead is the primary fact and whose humanity is secondary. The usual mark of these is that their legend is hieratic wholly, that they have little or no secular character, not to say ‘epic’ or ‘heroic.’ Of these the most prominent and important is Ino-Leukothea; and the interpretation of her character and personality and the problem of her origin are among the difficult tasks of the historian of Greek religion. What has been written hitherto on her cult and legend cannot be regarded as satisfying.
1 Od. 5, 333.
2 Theog. 975–6.
3 Fr. 83.
4 Pyth. 11, 1.
5 Anth. Pal. Anath. 164 (Cults, 1, p. 149, R. 40d).
6 Paus. 3, 24, 3; Eur. Bacch. 683.
7 Kern, , Inschrift. von Magnesia, 215Google Scholar; Cults of the Greek States, 5, p. 298, R. 68a.
8 Paus. 3, 23, 8.
9 Libanius, 2, p. 110 (R. p. 448).
10 Aristot. p. 1400b, 6. Plutarch, p. 228 F. tells the same story of the Thebans.
11 Arch. Anz. 1907, p. 127 (Cults, 5, p. 65, R. 19d).
12 Paus. 3, 26, 1.
13 Zenob, . Adag. 4, 38Google Scholar, s.v. Ἰνοῦς ἄχη.
14 Konon 33.
15 Pherai, I.G. ix.2 No. 422 (inscr. third century B.C.); Larissa, , Eph. Arch. 1910, pp. 378, 379.Google Scholar
16 Aristot. p. 1349, B 33; Strab. p. 226.
17 I.G. iii. 368, [Λευκο]θέας [Σ]ωτήρας ᾿λλιμενίας
18 Et. Mag. p. 56, s.v. Λευκοθέα. cf. Müller, , F.H.G. iv. p. 458Google Scholar; Hesych. s.v. Λευκοθέαι πᾶσαι αἱ ποντίαι
19 Vide Schol. Pind. ὑποθ. Ισθμ.; Apollod. 3, 4, 3.
20 Paus. 1, 42, 7; Plut. p. 675 E.
21 Plut. pp. 228 F, 267 D.
22 Vide Cults, vol. 2, pp. 447 (note c), 477–478, 637–638 (note a); Diod. Sic. 5, 62.
23 Cults, 5, pp. 442, 443.
24 Paus. 1, 42, 7, cf. 4, 34, 4; Apollod. 3, 4, 3.
25 Roscher, , Lexikon, 3, p. 1257Google Scholar, followed by Tillyard, in J.H.S. 1913, p. 308Google Scholar.
26 Paus. 2, 2, 1.
27 Schol. A., Ven.Il. 1, 38Google Scholar.
28 Imag. 2, 16.
29 Paus. 1, 44, 8.
30 I.G. vii. 2874; cf. -Et. Mag. p. 511, s.v. Κήρ.
31 Vide ὑπόθεσις Νεμέων, Schol. Pind. Boeckh, p. 425.
32 2, 15, 3.
33 The games were held near or after mid-summer.
34 Clemens, , Protrept. p. 29Google Scholar, Pott., merely links them together in the same context.
35 Vide. Cults, 2, pp. 610, 611.
36 Med. 1284.
37 3, 4, 3.
38 Pind. Ol. 1, 37–40; Schol. ib.
39 Vide Clermont-Ganneau, in Revue Critique, 1886, p. 232Google Scholar; Dittenberger, , Orient. Graec. Inscr. 611Google Scholar.
40 This seems to be the natural translation of τοῦ ἀποθεωθέντος ἐν τῷ λέβητι δἰ οὗ αἱ ἑορταὶ ἄγονται
41 2, p. 110 (p. 448 R).
42 Schol. Apoll. Rhod. 1, 230.
43 Vide Cults, 5, p. 111.
44 Vide Cults, 4, pp. 40–43.
45 Paus. 3, 24, 3–4: cf. 3, 23, 8; 3, 26, 1.
46 At Korone, 4, 34, 4.
47 Hesych.: s. v. ᾿Ινύνια: ἑορτὴ ἐν Λήμνψ ?Ino-festival.
48 Vide supra, p. 39.
49 Paus. 1, 42, 7; cf. Schol. Ap. Rhod. 3, 997.
50 Paus. 3, 26, 1.
51 Bull. Corr. Hell. 1882, p. 25.
52 The gloss Hesych. ᾿Ινάχια ἐορτὴ Λευκοθέας ἐν Κρήτῃ ἀπὸ ᾿Ινἁχου has been unconvincingly emended ᾿Ινοῦς ᾿´Αχη ‘The Sorrows of Ino’ is an unlikely name for a Greek festival.
53 Diod. Sic. 5, 55.
54 5, 63.
55 c. 28; cf. Paus. 10, 14, 1–4.
56 Il. 1, 38.
57 Paton and Hicks, Inscr. No. 37a.
