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IV.—The Temple; Results of the Architectural Evidence
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 December 2013
Extract
Any attempt to present to our imagination the temple of Aphrodite as it once stood, and to realise the various changes which the building underwent at various periods, must be preceded by a short enquiry. Before entering upon what seems to be entirely new ground, one must ask who, if any, are those that have already explored it, and how far their investigations may help to guide a later venture. Fortunately in the present case no long or detailed criticism will be necessary; all previous reconstructions of the temple have been based upon evidence so slender or erroneous that a mere indication of that evidence will suffice to show how little attention need be paid to the theories based upon it.
All the earlier reconstructions and plans, given by Münter and Gerhard, and reproduced in the various handbooks, from Müller to Perrot and Chipiez, are admittedly derived from the description and plan given by von Hammer; the description in Engel's Kypros comes from the same source. Now since all the essential features of the plan we have recovered were completely concealed and buried in several feet of earth, it is obvious that von Hammer's plan must be just as conjectural as those that are based upon it; for he does not himself claim to have made any excavations or to have recorded more than was visible to all who passed by. His plan may be based upon what seemed to be probable inferences; but excavations have proved that those inferences were erroneous.
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- Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1888
References
page 203 note 1 Tempel der himml. Gottin zu Paphos Restoration by Hetsch.
page 203 note 2 Akadem. Abhand. p. 41.
page 203 note 3 Archaeol. d. Kunst. 239.
page 203 note 4 p. 267.
page 203 note 5 Topogr. Ansichten, p. 150. cf. also Ali Bey, Voyages, II. 127, 148, Atlas, Pl. xxxiii-iv.
page 203 note 6 Von Hammer is not responsible for much that has been inserted on his authority. Thus the ‘basins’ he rightly describes as holes, perhaps wells, filled with fragments. We cleared these all out: one was a deep well; others were granaries, certainly of a period later than the destruction of the temple; there were many others beside those which he saw.
page 203 note 7 Reisen àuf d. gr. Inseln. IV. 180.
page 204 note 1 P. 206.
page 204 note 2 For a full and careful criticism of di Cesnola's statements, see The Nation, Sept. 6 and 13, 1888.
page 206 note 1 For other traditions see Mr. James' paper.
page 207 note 1 In these first two instances, however, the large blocks rest on an apparently later foundation, and may have been used a second time.
LIV. 23.
page 207 note 3 All the inscriptions mentioning Σεβαστὴ Πάφος have been found at Kouklia or Old Paphos; but the great temple would perhaps be the natural place for exhibiting documents belonging to either town.
page 208 note 1 Kypros, I. 130.
page 208 note 2 See Head, , Hist. Num. pp. 627, 657.Google Scholar To Mr. Head I am indebted for first calling my attention to this error.
page 209 note 1 Aen. I. 415.
page 209 note 2 Theb. V. 61.
page 209 note 3 Hist. II. 3.
page 209 note 4 It is unfortunate that Tacitus here uses the difficult word ‘altaria.’ In this passage it seems practically identical with ara. Cf. Ann. XVI. 31. altaria et aram complexa.
page 210 note 1 Ezekiel, xl. 39, &c.
page 210 note 2 Two at least of the interpretations here given have been often before published; they are so obvious that it does not seem worth while to quote authorities.
page 210 note 3 E.g. Ezek. xli. — xliii., assuming, with Perrot and Chipiez, that we have in that passage a picture based on Solomon's temple, which was built under the guidance of Phoenician workmen from Tyre.
page 211 note 1 Or we might still suppose, as Mr. Elsey Smith suggests, that the south chamber was the central one, having yet another to the south of it, now destroyed.
page 212 note 1 Or, as some say, a cistern; see below.
page 212 note 2 I. Kings vii. 21; for other examples see Perrot and Chipiez, III. p. 119.
page 213 note 1 Cf. the quaint inscription about the sacred fish, probably of Atergatis, from Smyrna, Dittenberger, , Syllog. Inscr. 364Google Scholar, and Lucian Syr. 45.
page 214 note 1 Mycenae, p. 180.