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Effect of essential oils on cattle gastrointestinal nematodes assessed by egg hatch, larval migration and mortality testing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 December 2019

S. Saha Open the ORCID record for S. Saha [Opens in a new window]  and
S. Lachance Open the ORCID record for S. Lachance [Opens in a new window]
S. Saha
Affiliation:
Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh Ridgetown Campus, University of Guelph, Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada
S. Lachance*
Affiliation:
Ridgetown Campus, University of Guelph, Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada
*
Author for correspondence: Simon Lachance, E-mail: slachanc@uoguelph.ca
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Abstract

The efficacy of eight essential oils (EOs) (Solidago canadensis, Eucalyptus globulus, Pelargonium asperum, Ocimum basilicum, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon martinii) against gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) was evaluated using eggs collected from naturally infected cattle and cultured infective larvae (L3). The larvae species cultured from the faecal samples and subjected to two in vitro tests were Haemonchus spp. (55.5%), Trichostrongylus spp. (28.0%), Cooperia spp. (15.0%) and Oesophagostomum spp. (1.5%). The genus of EO Cymbopogon (C. citratus and C. martinii) showed the highest anthelmintic activity at the dose of 8.75 mg/ml, for the egg hatch, the larval migration and mortality assays. All of the EOs tested reduced egg hatching to rates <19.0%, compared to the controls (water and water + Tween 20) that had rates >92.0%. Cymbopogon citratus and C. martinii treatments resulted in 11.6 and 8.1% egg hatch, had the lowest migration of larvae through sieves, 60.5 and 54.9%, and the highest mortality rates, 63.3 and 56.3%, respectively. Dose–response tests showed that EO from C. citratus had the lowest larval LC50 and migration inhibition concentration (IC50) values of 3.89 and 7.19 mg/ml, respectively, compared to two other EOs (C. martinii and O. basilicum). The results suggest that EOs from the genus Cymbopogon can be interesting candidates for nematode control in cattle, although it may prove challenging to deliver concentrations to the gastrointestinal tract sufficient to effectively manage GINs.

Keywords

Cattleessential oilassaygastrointestinal nematodeHaemonchus
Type
Short Communication
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 94 , 2020 , e111
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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