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No time to relax: Age-dependent infectivity of cercariae in marine coastal ecosystems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 December 2023

Kirill E. Nikolaev Open the ORCID record for Kirill E. Nikolaev [Opens in a new window] ,
Daniil D. Fedorov ,
Anna A. Vinogradova ,
Ivan A. Levakin  and
Kirill V. Galaktionov
Kirill E. Nikolaev*
Affiliation:
White Sea Biological Station, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
Daniil D. Fedorov
Affiliation:
Laboratory for the Study of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
Anna A. Vinogradova
Affiliation:
Laboratory for the Study of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
Ivan A. Levakin
Affiliation:
Laboratory for the Study of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
Kirill V. Galaktionov
Affiliation:
Laboratory for the Study of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
*
Corresponding author: Kirill E. Nikolaev; Email: kirill.nicolaev@gmail.com
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Abstract

Age dynamics of the ability of cercariae of two digenean species, Himasthla elongata (Himasthlidae) and Renicola parvicaudatus (Renicolidae), to infect the second intermediate host (SIH), mussels (Mytilus edulis), was investigated experimentally. This is the first study of this kind made on cercariae transmitted in the intertidal of the northern seas. The larvae of all tested ages (from 0.5 to 6 hr) were equally successful in infecting mussels. This finding disagrees with the literature data on cercariae of several freshwater digeneans, which are practically incapable of infecting the SIH during the first 1–3 hr of life. The presence of a time delay before the attainment of the maximum infectivity (TDMI) may be associated with the need for physiological maturation of cercariae in the very beginning of their life in the environment, the need for their broad dispersion, and the prevention of superinfection of the downstream host. The absence of TDMI in the cercariae examined in our study could be associated with the instability of environmental factors in the marine intertidal (wave impact, tidal currents). These factors promote a broad dispersion of cercariae in the intertidal biotope and prevent superinfection of potential SIHs. Biological and behavioural features may also play a role. We hypothesize that the presence or absence of TDMI does not depend on the taxonomic affiliation of the cercariae but is determined by the transmission conditions.

Keywords

Digeneasubarctic intertidalinfectivityblue musseltime delay
Type
Short Communication
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 97 , 2023 , e102
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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