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The Educational Reforms of Dr. Mariano Gálvez

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Miriam Williford
Miriam Williford*
Affiliation:
Department of History, Government and Geography, Winthrop College, The South Carolina College for Women
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Extract

The liberal reform programs that developed in Spanish America following independence almost invariably included as one of their major objectives radical changes in the educational system. An outstanding example of this is the educational program proposed by Dr. Mariano Gálvez, Chief-of-State of Guatemala. Protected from foreign problems by virtue of the existence of the Central American Federation and its Liberal leader, Francisco Morazán, Gálvez had seven years (1831–1838) to develop far-reaching reforms. While the lack of Gálvez papers makes discussion and analysis of his domestic reforms difficult, it is possible to assess his role by an analysis of his public speeches, decrees, laws, archival records, and similar materials.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Inter-American Studies , Volume 10 , Issue 3 , July 1968 , pp. 461 - 473
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 1968

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References

1 Jones, Chester Lloyd, Guatemala Past and Present (Minneapolis, 1940), p. 329 Google Scholar.

2 See Lanning, John Tate, The University of the Kingdom of Guatemala (Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1955), pp. 300–308 Google Scholar.

3 Jorge García Granados, “Ensayo sobre el gobierno del Dr. Mariano Gálvez,” Anales de la Sociedad de Geografía e Historia de Guatemala, Año II (December, 1925), p. 139.

4 Salvador Falla, “El doctor don Mariano Gálvez, Jefe del Estado de Guatemala,” El Foro Guatemalteco, Año II, Num 3, as cited in J. García Granados, p. 139.

5 Speech of Pedro Bustamante, President of the Board of Directors, upon inauguration of the Academy of Studies, Boletín extraordinario, Segunda parte (Guatemala), September 30, 1832.

6 Lorenzo Montúfar y Rivera Maestre, Reseña histórica de Centro-América (Guatemala, 1878), I, 277-278.

7 Boletín oficial, segunda parte, Guatemala, Num. 5, June 1, 1831, pp. 58-59.

8 Lorenzo Montúfar, I, 307-308. The lack of personal papers of Gálvez makes the exact authorship difficult to determine.

9 “Estatuto de la instrucción primria,” Boletín extraordinario (Guatemala), August 1, 1835, p. 1.

10 “Bases para el arreglo general de la instrucción pública,” Alcance al boletín oficial (Guatemala), Núm. 5, pp. 61-62.

11 “Estatuto,” p. 3.

12 “Bases,” p. 66.

13 “Estatuto,” p. 9.

14 Archivo Nacional, Guatemala City, hereafter AN, B 108.6 exp. 44693 leg. 1940.

15 “Estatuto,” pp. 21-24.

16 Ibid., pp. 38-39.

17 Ibid., pp. 26-28.

18 Ibid., pp. 30-34.

19 ibid., pp. 34-35.

20 Decree of Gálvez, Boletín extraordinario, September 30, 1831.

21 For further information see chapter entitled, “The Lancaster System in Guatemala,” in H. H. Samayoa Guevara, Enseñanza de la historia en Guatemala (Guatemala, 1959).

22 July 24, 1826, An, B 80.6 exp. 23105 leg. 1080 order 128.

23 August 6, 1826, An, B 80.6 exp. 23105 leg. 1080 fol. 1.

24 Samayoa Guevara, pp. 43-49.

25 “Estatuto,” p. 5.

26 Ibid., pp. 4-5.

27 Ibid., pp. 35-38.

28 Ibid., pp. 13-17.

29 Idem.

30 “Bases,” pp. 80-85.

31 “Estatuto,” pp. 10-11.

32 Ibid., pp. 4-8.

33 “Estatutos para el regimen gubernativo de la Academia,” Boletín extraordinario, March 15, 1834, p. 2.

34 Ibid., pp. 1-6.

35 Ibid., pp. 8-11.

36 “Bases,” pp. 77-79.

37 “Estatutos,” p. 2.

38 “Bases,” p. 96; “Plan de estudios,” Boletín extraordinario, September 15, 1832, pp. 46-55.

39 “Bases,” p. 97.

40 “Plan,” pp. 29-31.

41 “Bases,” p. 75.

42 Ibid., p. 112.

43 “Bases,” pp. 80-83.

44 Ibid., pp. 86-89.\

45 Copies are on microfilm in the Latin American Library, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.

46 November 11, 1834, An, B 80.2 exp. 22756 leg. 1075 fol. 21.

47 An, B 80.6 exp. 23197 leg. 1081.

48 An, B 80.6 exp. 23200 leg. 1081.

49 October 22, 1831, An, B 80.6 exp. 23174 leg. 1081.

50 February 9, 1830, An, B 80.6 exp. 2319 leg. 1081.

51 November 26, 1832, An, B 80.6 exp. 22607 leg. 1074 fol. 1.

52 Boletín oficial, segunda parte, Num. 22, January 8, 1833, p. 321.

53 An, B 78.35 exp. 17685 leg. 752; July 16, 1833, B 80.6 exp. 23193 leg. 1081.

54 May 28, 1834, An. B 80.6 exp. 23214 leg. 1081 fol. 1.

55 October 1, 1833, An, B 80.6 exp. 23214 leg. 1081 fol. 3.

56 1835?, An, B 88.7 exp. 83745 leg. 3606 fol. 30.

57 May 2, 1836, An, B 108.5 exp. 44036 leg. 1921 fol. 1.

58 March 16, 1836, AN, B 80.6 exp. 23264 leg. 1082 fol. 2.

59 March 16, 1836, AN, B 80.6 exp. 23264 leg. 1082 fol. 1.

60 March 17, 1836, AN, B 80.6 exp. 23264 leg. 1082 fol. 3.

61 March 18, 1836, AN, B 80.6 exp. 23264 leg. 1082 fol. 5.

62 March 19, 1836, AN, B 80.6 exp. 23264 leg. 1082 fol. 6.

63 April 5, 1836, AN, B 80.6 exp. 23264 leg. 1082 fol. 15.

64 March 22, 1836, AN, B 80.6 exp. 23264 leg. 1082 fol. 9.

65 March 26, 1836, AN, B 80.6 exp. 23264 leg. 1082 fol. 12. April 10, 1836, B 80.6 exp. 23264 leg. 1082 fol. 17. May 17, 1836, B 80.6 exp. 23264 leg. 1082 fol. 18.

66 July 22, 1836, AN, B 80.6 exp. 23264 leg. 1082.

67 Boletín oficial, segunda parte, September 30, 1832.

68 Boletín oficial, September 30, 1833.

69 October 23, 1832, AN, B 83.2 exp. 20520 leg. 1113.

70 AN, B 88.7 exp. 83745 leg. 3606 fol. 21.

71 Lorenzo Montúfar, I, 313-319.

72 Ibid., II, 92. “Consul Chatfield was allied with the aristocracy and took an active part in politics in Central America always fighting the Liberals and presenting obstacles to states ruled by men of progress.”

73 Consul Frederick Chatfield's report to Lord Palmerston, November 12, 1834, on microfilm in Latin American Library, Tulane University, F. O. 15/14.