1 Draper, Theodore, Castro's Revolution, Myths and Realities (New York, Praeger, 1962,)Google Scholar has devastatingly exploded the myth that Castro, at the time of his victory, was leading a “peasants’ and workers'” revolt. On the other hand, Williams, William Appleman, The United States, Cuba, and Castro (New York, Monthly Review Press, 1962)Google Scholar, plunges into the Cuban controversy, his chief target being Draper. A pro-Castro view is also represented by Mills, C. Wright, Listen, Yankeel (New York, Ballantine, 1962)Google Scholar. Smith, Earl E. T., The Fourth Floor: An Account of the Castro Communist Revolution (New York, Random House, 1962)Google Scholar, shows the ineptitudes of Washington's foreign policies.

2 Royal Institute of International Affairs, Cuba: A Brief Political and Economic Table (New York, Oxford University Press, September, 1958)Google Scholar; Draper, , op. cit, pp. 42–48 Google Scholar; Calvo, Lino Novas, ‘La tragedia de la clase media cubana,” Bohemia Libre, No. 13, January 1, 1961.Google Scholar

3 For documentary pictures of the new schools, see: “This is Castro's Cuba Seen Face to Face”, photographs by Cartier-Bresson, Henri, Life, LIV, 11, March 15, 1963, pp. 28–42.Google Scholar

4 Berquist, Laura, “My 28 Days in Communist Cuba,” Look, XXVII, 7, April, 1963, pp. 15–27.Google Scholar

5 The best available survey, summarized here, of educational changes can be found in: U. S. Office of Education, Division of International Studies and Services, Educational Data: Cuba, No. 67, OE-14034-67 (Washington, D. C, Government Printing Office, November, 1962). My request for material sent to the Ministerio de Educación, Havana, brought a reply from Mario Riva Patterson, Director of “Ciudad Libertad,” of April 16, 1963, and the following publications: Ministerio de Educación Primaria, Jornada de la limpieza y la salud, La Habana, 1962; Comisión Nacional de Alfabetización, Informe al pueblo de Cuba del resultado de la campaña nacional de alfabetización, n.d.; Ministerio de Educación, Realizaciones de la Revolución, Alfabetización nacional … 1961; y Armando Hart, “La Revolución y los Problemas de la Educación” (mimeographed); Ministerio de Educación, Informe de Cuba a la Conferencia sobre Educación y Desarrollo Económico y Social (convocada por la UNESCO, la CEPAL y la OEA del 4 al 19 de marzo de 1962 en Santiago de Chile y respuesta de Cuba a la declaración de Santiago de Chile), La Habana, 1962.

6 “Cuba: Physicians and Patients,” MD Medical Magazine, VII, 2, February, 1963, pp. 75-6.

7 Most famous of all Cuban physicians was the illustrious Carlos J. Finlay (1833-1915), for many years the symbol of tropical medicine, and the first to incriminate a specific mosquito in the transmission of yellow fever.

8 Loc. cit., p. 31.

9 “Pro-Castro Youth Toe Mark,” Christian Science Monitor, April 8, 1963.

10 “Cubans Show School Setup,” Christian Science Monitor, January 31, 1963.

11 Berquist, , loc. cit., pp. 15–27, 20.Google Scholar

12 Berquist, , loc. cit., p. 20.Google Scholar

13 Cartier-Bresson, , loc. cit., p. 42.Google Scholar

14 For documentary evidence of the presence of Soviet technicians, see Cartier-Bresson, , loc. cit., pp. 28–42.Google Scholar

15 UN, Statistical Yearbook, 1961, pp. 638, 642.Google ScholarPubMed

16 Raymont, Henry, “Pro-Moscow Red Loses Cuban Post,” New York Times, November 11, 1963.Google Scholar

17 Loc. cit, p. 20.

18 Cartier-Bresson, , loc. cit., p. 42.Google Scholar