Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-wxhwt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-09T09:22:51.192Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

National Security and Drugs: Their Impact on Colombian-US Relations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Juan G. Tokatlián
Juan G. Tokatlián*
Affiliation:
Universidad de los Andes, in Bogotá, Political Science Department
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Drug Trafficking has Become a central issue in Colombian- US relations. Washington has defined the phenomenon as a national security problem for the United States, and it has evolved, in practice, into a threat to both the regional and national security of Colombia.

This article examines the impact of the drug problem on the bilateral relationship between the two countries. First, it will present the divergent diagnoses which each country brings to this issue, based on the fact that each differs in its approach to the issue, in the thesis it has developed toward the drug question, and in its definition of the effect on national security.

Type
Two Views of the Drug Issue
Information
Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , Spring 1988 , pp. 133 - 160
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ángulo, S. A. (1987) “Colombia y el FMI: El Imperfecto Caso de un Caso Perfecto.” Debates de Coyuntura Internacional 1. Bogotá, Colombia: Fundación Friedrich Ebert de Colombia (FESCOL).Google Scholar
Apuleyo Mendoza, P. and Santos Calderón, E. (1988) “Una entrevista con el Ministro de Defensa y el Comandante de las Fuerzas Militares. Generales: ¿Estamos Perdiendo la Guerra?” El Tiempo (6 March): 1-B and 4, 5-B.Google Scholar
Asociación Nacional de Instituciones Financieras (ANIF) (ed.) (1979) Marihuana: legalización o represión. Bogotá, Colombia: ANIF.Google Scholar
Bagley, B. and Tokatlián, J. (1987) “La Política Exterior de Colombia durante la década de los 80: Los Limites de un Poder Regional,” pp. 151–205 in Hirst, Monica (ed.) Continuidad y Cambio en las Relaciones America Latina/Estados Unidos. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Grupo Editor Latinoamericano.Google Scholar
Bejarano, J. (1986) Colombia y el Fondo Monetario Internacional (Casos de Negociación series). Bogotá, Colombia: Centro de Estudios Internacionales, Universidad de los Andes (mimeo).Google Scholar
Benitez Manaut, R. (1987) “Narcotráfico y Terrorismo en las Relaciones Interamericanas (1981-1987).” Lecture presented before the panel on “International Order and Political Violence” at the LX Annual Meeting of the member centers of RIAL (Relaciones Internacionales de América Latina), Brasilia, December.Google Scholar
Bustamente, F. (1987) “La Política de USA contra el narcotráfico y su impacto en América Latina.” Lecture presented before the panel on “International Order and Political Violence” at the LX Annual Meeting of member centers of RIAL (Relaciones Internacionales de América Latina), Brasilia, December.Google Scholar
Carpenter, T. (1985) “The US Campaign against International Narcotics Trafficking: A Cure Worse than the Disease” (Cato Institute Policy Analysis 63). Washington, DC: Cato Institute.Google Scholar
Cepeda Ulloa, F. and Pardo, R. (1988) Colombia: Política Internacional, 1974-1986. Bogotá, Colombia: Editorial Planeta (Contemporary History of Colombia series).Google Scholar
Cockburn, L. (1987) Out of Control: The Story of the Reagan Administration's Secret War in Nicaragua, the Illegal Arms Pipeline, and the Contra Drug Connection. New York, NY: Atlantic Monthly.Google Scholar
Comisión Nacional Contra Uso Ilícito de las Drogas (CONACUID) (1987) “Discurso sociológico de la droga” of “Reflexiones para el Análisis del Problema del Tráfico y Consumo de Drogas en las Americas,” in F. Santacruz Caicedo (ed.) Hacia una Concepción Latinoamericana sobre el Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas. Bogotá, Colombia: Fondo de Publicaciones del Senado/Editorial Elocuencia.Google Scholar
Cook, J. (1983) “Everybody's Favorite Laundry-Man.” Forbes 132 (5 December): 123–136.Google Scholar
Coone, T. (1987) “Top Brass to Keep in Step with Democracy.” Financial Times (9 December): 17.Google Scholar
Coram, R. (1978) “The Colombian Gold Rush of 1978.” Esquire 90, 6 (12 September): 33–37.Google Scholar
Craig, R. (1983) “Domestic Implications of Illicit Colombian Drug Trafficking.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 25, 3 (August): 325–350.Google Scholar
Ehrenfeld, R. (1987) “Narco-Terrorism: The Kremlin Connection.” Heritage Foundation Lectures 69. Washington, DC: Heritage Foundation.Google Scholar
(El) Espectador (1988) “1988: 25 días de angustia.” 26 January.Google Scholar
Gomez, J. (1988) “The Colombian Illegal Economy: Size, Evolution, Characteristics, an Economic Impact,” in Bagley, Bruce, Thoumi, Francisco, and Tokatlián, Juan (eds.) State and Society in Contemporary Colombia. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Hogan, H. (1986 “Drug Control: Highlights of PL 99-570, Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986,” in Congressional Research Service, Report 86-968, 31 October. Washington, DC: Library of Congress.Google Scholar
Hogan, H. (1984 “Federal Laws Relating to the Control of Narcotics and Other Dangerous Drugs, enacted 1961-1984: Brief Summaries,” in Congressional Research Service, Report 84-2000, 13 November. Washington, DC: Library of Congress.Google Scholar
Iniciardi, J. (1986 The War on Drugs: Heroine, Cocaine, Crime and Public Policy. Palto Alto, CA: Mayfield Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Junguito, R. and Caballero, C. (1982) “Illegal Trade Transactions and the Underground Economy of Colombia,” pp. 285–313 in Tanzi, V. (ed.) The Underground Economy in the United States and Abroad. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Kwitny, J. (1987) “Money, Drugs, and the Contras: An Inquiry.” The Nation 245 (29 August).Google Scholar
Landazabal Reyes, Gen. F. (1987) La Integración Nacional. Bogotá, Colombia: Editorial Planeta.Google Scholar
Lee, R. III (1987) “The Drug Trade and Developing Countries.” Odc Policy Focus 4 Qune 12. Washington, DC: Overseas Development Council.Google Scholar
Ling, G. (1984) “The Global Problem of Drug Abuse: Analysis and Perspectives.” Impact of Science on Society 133:11–12.Google Scholar
Lupsha, P. (1981) “Drug Trafficking: Mexico and Colombia in Comparative Perspective.” Journal of International Affairs 35, 1 (Spring/Summer): 95–115.Google Scholar
(El) Mercurio (Chile) (1988) “Gracias a Resolución de la OEA: Solucionados Problemas entre Colombia y EEUU.” 17 Janauary: 7.Google Scholar
Mills, J. (1986 The Underground Empire: Where Crime and Governments Embrace. New York, NY: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Morrison, D. (1986) “The Pentagon's Drug Wars.” National Journal 18 (6 September): 2104–2109.Google Scholar
Nadelmann, E. (1988) “US Drug Policy: A Bad Export.” Foreign Policy 70 (Spring): 97–108.Google Scholar
National Strategy for Prevention of Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking (1984) Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Pardo, R. (1988) “¿Un Año de Conflictos?” El Tiempo (Bogotá) (17 January): 2-C.Google Scholar
Pardo, R. (1987) “Impact of the Debt Crisis on a Regional Power: The Case of Colombia.” Texas Journal of Political Studies 9,1 (Fall/Winter).Google Scholar
Ra'ANAN, U., Pfaltzgraff, R., Shultz, R., Halperin, E., and Lukes, I. (eds.) (1985) Hydra of Carnage: International Linkages of Terrorism. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Revista del Consejo Nacional de Estupefacientes (Bogotá) (1986) “Control y represión en la lucha contra la producción, comercio y uso indebido de drogas.” July.Google Scholar
Richey, W. (1985) “US Praises Colombia Government for Drug Crackdown.” Christian Science Monitor (5 April): 4.Google Scholar
Ricks, T. (1986) “Inside Dope: The Cocaine Business; Big Risks and Profits, High Labor Turnover.” Wall Street Journal (30 June): 1 and 32.Google Scholar
Riding, A. (1988) “Colombia Says US Reprisals Harm Support for Drug Fight.” New York Times (13 January): 6.Google Scholar
Semana, (1987) “Conexión entre la CIA, los contras y la mafia colombiana.” No. 258 (14-20 Abril): 14–20.Google Scholar
Suarez Salazar, L. (1987) “El narcotráfico en las relaciones interamericanas: una aproximación estructural.” Cuadernos de Nuestra América IV, 8 (Julio-Diciembre): 47.Google Scholar
Thoumi, F. (1987) “Some Implications of the Growth of the Underground Economy in Colombia.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 29, 2 (Summer): 35–53.Google Scholar
Trebach, A. (1987) The Great Drug War and Radical Proposals That Could Make America Safe Again. New York, NY: Macmillan Co.Google Scholar
Tokatlián, J. and Pardo, R. (1988) “Colombia en 1987: La Reafirmación del Pragmatismo en un Escenario Crecientemente Conflictivo,” in Muñoz, Heraldo (ed.) Anuario de Política Exterior Latinoamericana y del Caribe. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Grupo Editor Latinoamericano.Google Scholar
Tokatlián, J. and Pardo, R. (1987) “Política Internacional y Pacificación Nacional.” Lecture presented before the panel on “International Order and Political Violence” at the LX Annual Meeting of the member centers of RIAL (Relaciones Internacionales de América Latina) Brasilia, December.Google Scholar
Traverton, G. (1988) “Drugs in the Hemisphere: Where We Stand.” Paper prepared as background for the Report of the Inter-American Dialogue (“The Americas in 1988: A Time for Choices”), Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies.Google Scholar
US Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. (1986) “Reorganization To Combat Drug Traffic and Drug Abuse.” 99th Congress, 2nd session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. (1984) “Interim Report on the War against Drug Smuggling: The Soft Underbelly of the United States.” 98th Congress, 1st session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs (1986a) “Role of the US Military in Narcotics Control Overseas.” 99th Congress, 2nd session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs (1986b) “Nicaraguan Government Involvement in Narcotics Trafficking.” 99th Congress, 2nd session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs (1986c) “Compilation of Narcotics Laws: Treaties and Executive Documents.” 99th Congress, 2nd session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs (1984) “US Response to Cuban Government Involvement in Narcotics Trafficking and Review of Worldwide Illicit Narcotics Situation.” 98th Congress, 2nd session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime (1985a) “Military Cooperation with Civilian Law Enforcement.” 99th Congress, 1st session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime (1985b) “Narcoterrorism Information Rewards Act of 1985.” 99th Congress, 1st session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. (1986) Subcommittee on Defense. “National Drug Interdiction Effort.” 99th Congress, 2nd session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. (1985). Subcommittee on Defense. “Department of Defense Support for Drug Interdiction.” 98th Congress, 2nd session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. (1985) “International Terrorism, Insurgency, and Drug Trafficking: Present Trends in Terrorist Activity.” 99th Congress, 1st session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. (1985) Subcommittee on Children, Family, Drugs and Alcoholism. “Role of Nicaragua in Drug Trafficking.” 99th Congress, 1st session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. (1984) Subcommittee on Alcoholism and Drug Abuse. “Drugs and Terrorism, 1984.” 98th Congress, 2nd session. Washington, DC:Google Scholar
US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs (1985) “Drug Money Laundering.” Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. (1983) Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism. “The Cuban Government's Involvement in Facilitating the International Drug Traffic.” 98th Congress, 1st session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense (US-DOD) (1987) Joint Chiefs of Staff: “United States Military Posture FY 1988.” Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Drug Enforcement Agency (US-DEA) (1985) Narcotics Intelligence Estimate 1984. DEA National Narcotics Intelligence Consumers Committee. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Embassy (Colombia) (1986) “Elliott Abrams Aconseja a Militares Latinoamericanos Tener Cautela en la Lucha contra el Extremismo.” Press release from Servicio de Cultural y Prensa de la Embajada de los Estados Unidos de America, 24 June.Google Scholar
Wisotsky, S. (1983) “Exposing the War on Cocaine: The Futility and Destructiveness of Prohibition.” Wisconsin Law Review 6:1305–1426.Google Scholar