Hostname: page-component-6d856f89d9-jrqft Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T06:33:13.922Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Perspectives on the Mid-Vargas Years: 1934-1937

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Robert M. Levine*
Affiliation:
Department of History, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794

Extract

In the period following Brazil's 1964 military coup, many historians turned their attention to the Vargas years, especially the 1930s. For one thing, the period had not been thoroughly examined. For another, factors common to both “revolutions” intrigued them: interplay among civilians and military officers in the respective golpes; repression of dissent and the use of nationalistic propaganda; concern over Brazil's place in the international order; social mobilization to neutralize class conflict and promote growth; tension between liberalism and corporatism; and efforts to promote national integration. Many of the historical actors, as well, were the same.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 1980

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alves, H. (1973) “Brazil: martial mythologies.” Latin Amer. Rev. of Books 1 (Spring): 95.Google Scholar
Bakota, L. S. (1979) “Getúlio Vargas and theestado novo.” Latin Amer. Research Rev. 14, I: 205210.Google Scholar
Basbaum, L.(1976) U ma vida em seis tempos (memorias). Sao Paulo: Ed. Alfa-Omega.Google Scholar
Buber-Neumann, M. (1967) Kriegsschauplaetzc der Weltrevolution. Stuttgart: Seewald Verlag.Google Scholar
Cheston, T. S. (1972) “Review.” Americas (January): 141.Google Scholar
Chilcote, R. H. (1974) The Brazilian Communist Party. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Collotti-Pischel, E. (1968) [Internationale Communiste ct les problemes coloni-aux, 1919-1935.] Paris: La Haya, Mouton.Google Scholar
Conniff, M. (1978) “The léñenles in power: a new perspective on the Brazilian revolution.” J. of Latin Amer. Studies 10 (May): 6182.Google Scholar
Conniff, M. (1967) “Rio de Janeiro during the great depression, 1928-1937.” Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University.Google Scholar
Dean, W. (1969) The Industrialization of Sao Paulo, 1880-1945. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Diario da Bahia (1934) December 9.Google Scholar
Dulles, J.W.F. (1967) Vargas of Brazil: A Political Biography. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Erickson, K. P. (1977) The Brazilian Corporative State and Working-Class Politics. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.Google Scholar
Fausto, B. (1969) “A revolucao de 1930,” in Brasil em perspectiva. Sao Paulo: DIFEL.Google Scholar
Flynn, P. (1978) Brazil: A Political Analysis. London: Ernest Bcnn.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1939) British Em-bassy, Rio de Janeiro, to Lord Halifax. Report 72E, March 9. 2369/371/22725/3990.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1938) (Illegible), Rio de Janeiro, to J. Balfour. June 4. 4853/371/21422/3984.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1937a) Sir Hugh Gurney to Foreign Office. November 8. 371/20603/3910.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1937b) Sir Hugh Gurney to Anthony Eden. Report 212. June 21. 4858/371/20603/3910.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1936a) Sir Hugh Gurney to Anthony Eden. Report 347, November 10. 8892; 68/3/371/19767/3903.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1936b) Edward C'oote, Rio de Janeiro, to Anthony Eden. Report 323, October3. 8431/68/6/371/19765/3903.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1937c) Sir Hugh Gurney to Anthony Eden. Report 195, April 17. 3332/41/6/371/20603/3910.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1936d) Notation by II. Hohler on memorandum from Sir Hugh Gurney to Foreign Office, March 13. 2118/68/8/371/19765/3910.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1936e) K.J.M. White, Recife, to Sir Hugh Gurney. March 12. 302/1936/371/ 19765/3910.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1936f) Sir Hugh Gurney to Sir Samuel Hoare. Report 28, February 4. 1660/68/ 8/371/19765/3910.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1936g) “W.R.G.” (no other identification) to Foreign Office, late January. 371/18649/3877/350.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1935a) Sir Hugh Gurney to Sir Samuel Hoare. December 17. 10851/120/6/ 480/371/18649/3877.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1935b) Sir Hugh Gurney to Sir Samuel Hoare. December 4. 10160/120/6/371, 18649/3877.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1935c) Sir Hugh Gurney, Rio de Janeiro, to Foreign Office. Early December. 371/18649/3877/416.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1935d) K.J.M. White, H. M. Consul, Recife, to Sir Hugh Gurney, Rio de Janeiro. Report 59, November 29. 371/19765/3910.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1935c) Memorandum, Sir William Troutbeck, Rio de Janeiro, to Foreign Office. November 29. 371/18649/3877/439.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (19351) Coded telegram. Sir Hugh Gurney, Rio de Janeiro, to Foreign Office. November 26. 9910/120/6/371/18649/3877.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1935g) Notation by H. Hohler on memorandum from Sir Hugh Gurney to For-eign Office. November 25. 9883/120/6/153/371/18649/3877.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1935h) Sir Hugh Gurney, Rio de Janeiro, to Sir Samuel Hoare. October 18. 9358/120/6/371/18649/3877.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1935i) Edward Coote, Rio de Janeiro, to Sir Samuel Hoare. August 9. 7553/371/ 18649/3877.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1935J) Edward Coote, British Embassy, Rio de Janeiro to Sir Samuel Hoare. August 1. 6807/126/ 6/ 371 / 18649/ 3877.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1935k) Confidential report. Sir William Seeds, Petrópolis, to Sir John Simon. March I. 2002/371/18655/3893.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (19351) Sir William Seeds, Petrópolis, to Sir John Simon. March I. 2002/371/ 18655/3893.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1935m) Telegram, Sir William Seeds, Rio de Janeiro, to Foreign Office. February 28. 1948/371/18648/3877.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1935n) Note signed “M.I.” Sao Paulo Consulate, Report to Foreign Office, citing Sir William Seeds's “2nd enclosure in 2002.” February 28. 1948/371/18648/ 3877/3834/12016.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1935o) M.A.B. Denton-1hompson, Recife, to British Embassy, Rio de Janeiro. February 28. 371/18648/3877/119-126.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1935p) A. Abbott, H. M. Consul General, Sao Paulo, Report 5, to Sir W. Seeds. February 4. 371/18655/3893/219.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1935q) Sir William Seeds, Rio de Janeiro, to Foreign Office. January 14. 371/ 18648/3877/407.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1934a) Ambassador Sir William Seeds. Metropolis, to Sii John Simon. Decenther 26. 404/371/18651/3885.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1934b) British Consulate, Salvador (Bahia), to Ambassador Sir William Seeds, Petrópolis. Consular Report 43, December 13. 404/37I/IX65I/3885.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1934c) Vice Consul Maceió (Alagoas) to Charge d'Affaires, Rio de Janeiro. September 22. 371/17487/4454/358-359.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1934d) C. R. Girwood, Acting British Consul, Bahia. toC harged'Affaires, Riode Janeiro. Confidential Report 30, September 14. 7702/371/17486/3884.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1934e) J. M. Troutbeck, Rio de Janeiro, to Sir John Simon. August 29. 371/17486/3884a.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1934f) J. M. Troutbeck, Rio de Janeiro, to Sir John Simon. August 23. 371/17486/3884.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1934g) M.A.B. Denton-Thompson, Recife, to Charge d'Affaires, Rio dc Janeiro. Confidential Report 29, August 21. 7702/371/17486/3884.Google Scholar
FO [Great Britain Foreign Office, London, Public Records Office] (1933) H. M. Consul, Pernambuco, to British Embassy, Rio de Janeiro. September 25. 7671 / 371 /16549/ 3807.Google Scholar
Hilton, S. E. (1977) Suastica sobre o Brasil, a historia de espionagem alema no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Civilizacao Brasileira.Google Scholar
Hilton, S. E. ((1975) Brazil and the Great Powers, 1930-1939: The Politics of Trade Rivalry. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Levine, R. M. (1978) Pernambuco in the Brazilian Federation, 1889-1937. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Levine, R. M. (1970) The Vargas Regime: The Critical Years, 1934-1938. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.Google Scholar
McCann, F. D., Jr. (1973) The Brazilian-American Alliance, 1937-1945. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press.Google Scholar
NADS [U.S. National Archives, Department of State, Washington, D.C. Record Group 59] (1939) “Italian activities in Brazil (a basic report).” William C. Burdett, General Consul, U.S. Embassy, Rio de Janeiro. February 6. F/I9/I.H.Google Scholar
NADS [U.S. National Archives, Department of State, Washington, D.C. Record Group 59] (1938) Norbert A. Bogdan to U.S. Embassy, Rio de Janeiro. Copy sent to Dr. Herbet Feis and Secretary of State Sumner Welles. No date. I168.Google Scholar
NADS [U.S. National Archives, Department of State, Washington, D.C. Record Group 59] (1937a) Carol H. Foster, Consul General, Sao Paulo, to Ambassador Jefferson Caffery, Rio de Janeiro. Political Report 92, November 5. 1064.Google Scholar
NADS [U.S. National Archives, Department of State, Washington, D.C. Record Group 59] (1937b) R. M. Scotten to Secretary of State. Noreport number. October 20. 1964.Google Scholar
NADS [U.S. National Archives, Department of State, Washington, D.C. Record Group 59] (1937c) “Political developments.” R. M. Scotten to Secretary of State. Report 58, October 2. 1053.Google Scholar
NADS [U.S. National Archives, Department of State, Washington, D.C. Record Group 59] (1936) Hugh Gibson to Secretary of State. Report 997, April 2. 972.Google Scholar
NADS [U.S. National Archives, Department of State, Washington, D.C. Record Group 59] (1935a) Wesley Frost, Charge d'Affaires ad interim, Rio de .laneiro, to Secretary of State. Report 835. November 1. 972.Google Scholar
NADS [U.S. National Archives, Department of State, Washington, D.C. Record Group 59] (1935b) George A. Gordon, Rio de Janeiro, to Secretary of State. Report 730, July II. 958.Google Scholar
NADS [U.S. National Archives, Department of State, Washington, D.C. Record Group 59] (1935c) George A. Gordon, Rio de Janeiro, to Secretary of State. No report number. March 13. 930.Google Scholar
NADS [U.S. National Archives, Department of State, Washington, D.C. Record Group 59] (1934) Carol H. Foster, Consul General, Sao Paulo, to Ambassador Hugh S. Gibson, Rio de Janeiro. Political Report 2, October 22. 916.Google Scholar
NADW [U.S. National Archives, Department of War Military Intelligence Division, Washington, D. C]Google Scholar
NADW (1936a) Major William Sackville. G-2 Report 1584. January 8. WD 2657-K-70-23.Google Scholar
NADW (1936b) Major William Sackville. G-2 Report 1582. January 2. WD2657-K-70-23.Google Scholar
NADW (1935) Major William Sackville. G-2 Report 1579. December 24. WD-2657-K-70-22.Google Scholar
NADW (1934a) “Brazil: population and social; labor riot in Rio de Janeiro.” Harry W, Brown, Quartermaster Clerk. Ü-2 Report 1335, October 11. 2-I-2657-K-70.Google Scholar
NADW (1934b) Harry W. Brown. G-2 Report 1319. August 29. 6-4-2657-K-103.Google Scholar
NADW (1934c) “Communist disorder.” Harry W. Brown. G-2 Report 1318. August 24. 2-I-2657-K-70.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, J. R. (1970) “Getúlio Vargas: urna revisáo histórica.” Jornal do Brasil. October 25-26, caderno especial 8.Google Scholar
Silva, H. (1970) 1937: lodos os golpes se parecem. Rio de Janeiro: Civilizacjio Bra-sileira.Google Scholar
Silva, H. (1969a) Í935: A revolta vermelha. Rio de Janeiro: Civilizado Brasileira.Google Scholar
Silva, H. (1969b) 1934: A constituinte. Rio de Janeiro: Civilizado Brasileira.Google Scholar
Wainer, S. (1946) “Article on Olga Benário Prestes.” Folha da Noite, Rio de Janeiro. (January 7): 1.Google Scholar
Wirth, J. D. (1970) The Politics of Brazilian Development, 1930-1954. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Zweiben, B. (1978) “Summary, executive order 12065.” Newsletter, Society for Historians of Amer. Foreign Relations 9 (December): 1820.Google Scholar