Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-rnpqb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-31T19:18:51.392Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

An exploration of ambiguity logic in organizations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 November 2015

Yung-Kai Yang*
Affiliation:
Department of Asia-Pacific Industrial and Business Management, National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan
*
Corresponding author: yyang@nuk.edu.tw

Abstract

Organizations often face the challenge of institutional complexity, which involves incompatible prescriptions from multiple institutional logics. To deal with this challenge, prior researchers have proposed several strategies to tackle conflicts within and between organizations. The success of these solutions fundamentally hinges on achieving clarity. However, while clarity often brings further conflicts for both internal and external stakeholders, I argue that ambiguity logic is an alternative approach to deal with institutional complexity as it creates space for negotiations and potential solutions. As such, this paper proposes five research propositions that examine when ambiguous language and behavior can be better used to deal with institutional complexity. In general, the use of ambiguity logic is associated with power. Specifically, ambiguity logic is better applied in organizations when power is more evenly distributed among the stakeholders.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdallah, C., & Langley, A. (2014). The double edge of ambiguity in strategic planning. Journal of Management Studies, 51(2), 235264.Google Scholar
Aragones, E., & Neeman, Z. (2000). Strategic ambiguity in electoral competition. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 12(2), 183204.Google Scholar
Babiak, K., & Thibault, L. (2009). Challenges in multiple cross-sector partnerships. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 38(1), 117143.Google Scholar
Baetz, B., & Kenneth, C. (1998). The relationship between mission statements and firm performance: an exploratory study. Journal of Management Studies, 35(6), 823853.Google Scholar
Barney, J. B. (2001). Resource-based theories of competitive advantage: A ten-year retrospective on the resource-based view. Journal of Management, 27(6), 643650.Google Scholar
Bart, C. K., & Tabone, J. C. (1998). Mission statement rationales and organizational alignment in the not-for-profit health care sector. Health Care Management Review, 23(4), 5469.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bart, C. K., & Tabone, J. C. (1999). Mission statement content and hospital performance in the canadian not-for-profit health care sector. Health Care Management Review, 24(3), 1829.Google Scholar
Bartkus, B., Glassman, M., & McAfee, B. (2006). Mission statement quality and financial performance. European Management Journal, 24(1), 8694.Google Scholar
Battilana, J., & Lee, M. (2014). Advancing research on hybrid organizing – insights from the study of social enterprises. Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 397441.Google Scholar
Benders, J., & Van Veen, K. (2001). What’s in a fashion? Interpretative viability and Management Fashions. Organization, 8(1), 3353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernheim, B. D., & Whinston, M. D. (1998). Incomplete contracts and strategic ambiguity. American Economic Review, 88(4), 902932.Google Scholar
Bess, J. L. (2006). Toward strategic ambiguity: Antidote to managerialism in governance. Higher Education, 21, 491543.Google Scholar
Bornstein, R. (1985). Ambiguity as opportunity and constraint: Evolution of a federal sex equity education program. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 7(2), 99114.Google Scholar
Carmon, A. F. (2013). Is it necessary to be clear? An examination of strategic ambiguity in family business mission statements. Qualitative Research Reports in Communication, 14(1), 8796.Google Scholar
Chun, Y. H., & Rainey, H. G. (2005a). Goal ambiguity and organizational performance in US federal agencies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15(4), 529557.Google Scholar
Chun, Y. H., & Rainey, H. G. (2005b). Goal ambiguity in US federal agencies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15(1), 130.Google Scholar
Contractor, N. S., & Ehrlich, M. C. (1993). Strategic ambiguity in the birth of a loosely coupled organization the case of a $50-million experiment. Management Communication Quarterly, 6(3), 251281.Google Scholar
Crilly, D., Zollo, M., & Hansen, M. T. (2012). Faking it or muddling through? Understanding decouping in response to stakeholder pressures. Academy of Management Journal, 55(6), 14291448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davenport, S., & Leitch, S. (2005). Circuits of power in practice: strategic ambiguity as delegation of authority. Organization Studies, 26(11), 16031623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denis, J. L., Dompierre, G., Langley, A., & Rouleau, L. (2011). Escalating indecision: Between reification and strategic ambiguity. Organization Science, 22(1), 225244.Google Scholar
Dowling, J., & Pfeffer, J. (1975). Organizational legitimacy: Social values and organizational behavior. Pacific Sociological Review, 18(1), 122136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drummond, H. (1998). Go and say, “Wére Shutting”: Ju Jutsu as a Metaphor for Analyzing Resistance. Human Relations, 51(6), 741759.Google Scholar
Edelman, L. B. (1992). Legal ambiguity and symbolic structures: Organizational mediation of civil rights law. American Journal of Sociology, 97(6), 15311576.Google Scholar
Edelman, L. B., Fuller, S. R., & Mara-Drita, I. (2001). Diversity rhetoric and the managerialization of law. American Journal of Sociology, 106(6), 15891641.Google Scholar
Edelman, L. B., Petterson, S., Chambliss, E., & Erlanger, H. S. (1991). Legal ambiguity and the politics of compliance: Affirmative action officers’ dilemma. Law & Policy, 13(1), 7397.Google Scholar
Edelman, L. B., & Suchman, M. C. (1997). The legal environments of organizations. Annual Review of Sociology, 23, 479515.Google Scholar
Edelman, L. B., & Talesh, S. A. (2011). To comply or not to comply – That isn’t the question: How organizations construct the meaning of compliance. In C. Parker, & V. L. Nielsen (Eds.), Explaining compliance: Business responses to regulation (pp. 103122). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, E. M. (1984). Ambiguity as strategy in organizational communication. Communication Monographs, 51(3), 227242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenberg, E. M., & Witten, M. G. (1987). Reconsidering openness in organizational communication. Academy of Management Review, 12(3), 418426.Google Scholar
Evans, J., & Jones, P. (2008). Rethinking sustainable urban regeneration: Ambiguity, creativity, and the shared territory. Environment and Planning A, 40(6), 14161434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischhendler, I. (2008). Ambiguity in transboundary environmental dispute resolution: The Israeli – jordanian water agreement. Journal of Peace Research, 45(1), 91109.Google Scholar
Fleming, P., & Sewell, G. (2002). Looking for the good soldier, švejk alternative modalities of resistance in the contemporary workplace. Sociology, 36(4), 857873.Google Scholar
Gioia, D. A., Nag, R., & Corley, K. G. (2012). Visionary ambiguity and strategic change: The virtue of vagueness in launching major organizational change. Journal of Management Inquiry, 21(4), 364375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giroux, H. (2006). It was such a handy term: Management fashions and pragmatic ambiguity. Journal of Management Studies, 43(6), 12271260.Google Scholar
Glazer, A. (1990). The strategy of candidate ambiguity. The American Political Science Review, 84(1), 237241.Google Scholar
Goodrick, E., & Salancik, G. R. (1996). Organizational discretion in responding to institutional practices: Hospitals and cesarean births. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(1), 128.Google Scholar
Greenwood, R., Raynard, M., Kodeih, F., Micelotta, E. R., & Lounsbury, M. (2011). Institutional complexity and organizational responses. The Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 317371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenwood, R., & Suddaby, R. (2006). Institutional entrepreneurship in mature fields: The big five accounting firms. Academy of Management Journal, 49(1), 2748.Google Scholar
Halff, G. (2010). Codes of conduct: Managing the contradictions between local and corporate norms. Journal of Communication Management, 14(4), 356367.Google Scholar
Hart, O., & Moore, J. (1999). Foundations of incomplete contracts. The Review of Economic Studies, 66(1), 115138.Google Scholar
Jamal, T. B., Stein, S. M., & Harper, T. L. (2002). Beyond labels pragmatic planning in multistakeholder tourism-environmental conflicts. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 22(2), 164177.Google Scholar
Jarzabkowski, P., & Sillince, J. (2007). A rhetoric-in-context approach to building commitment to multiple strategic goals. Organization Studies, 28(11), 16391665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarzabkowski, P., Sillince, J. A., & Shaw, D. (2010). Strategic ambiguity as a rhetorical resource for enabling multiple interests. Human Relations, 63(2), 219248.Google Scholar
Jung, C. S. (2011). Organizational goal ambiguity and performance: Conceptualization, measurement, and relationships. International Public Management Journal, 14(2), 193217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelemen, M. (2000). Too much or too little ambiguity: the language of total quality management. Journal of Management Studies, 37(4), 483498.Google Scholar
Kelemen, M., & Papasolomou-Doukakis, I. (2004). Can culture be changed? A study of internal marketing. Service Industries Journal, 24(5), 121135.Google Scholar
Kirk, G., & Beth Nolan, S. (2010). Nonprofit mission statement focus and financial performance. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 20(4), 473490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraatz, M. S., & Block, E. S. (2008). Organizational implications of institutional pluralism. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, R. Suddaby, & K. Sahlin-Andersson (Eds.), The Sage handbook of organizational institutionalism (pp. 243275). London: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laine, P. M., & Vaara, E. (2007). Struggling over subjectivity: A discursive analysis of strategic development in an engineering group. Human Relations, 60(1), 2958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, T. B., Hardy, C., & Phillips, N. (2002). Institutional effects of interorganizational collaboration: The emergence of proto-institutions. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 281290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leitch, S., & Davenport, S. (2003). Strategic ambiguity in communicating public sector change. Journal of Communication Management, 7(2), 129139.Google Scholar
Leitch, S., & Davenport, S. (2007). Strategic ambiguity as a discourse practice: The role of keywords in the discourse on sustainable biotechnology. Discourse Studies, 9(1), 4361.Google Scholar
Lerner, A. W. (1978). On ambiguity and organizations. Administration & Society, 10(1), 332.Google Scholar
Love, L. G., Priem, R. L., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2002). Explicitly articulated strategy and firm performance under alternative levels of centralization. Journal of Management, 28(5), 611627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maguire, S., Hardy, C., & Lawrence, T. B. (2004). Institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields: HIV/AIDS treatment advocacy in Canada. Academy of Management Journal, 47(5), 657679.Google Scholar
Markham, A. (1996). Designing discourse a critical analysis of strategic ambiguity and workplace control. Management Communication Quarterly, 9(4), 389421.Google Scholar
McCabe, D. (2010). Strategy-as-power: Ambiguity, contradiction and the exercise of power in a UK building society. Organization, 17(2), 151175.Google Scholar
McCabe, D. (2011). Opening pandora’s box: The unintended consequences of stephen covey’s effectiveness movement. Management Learning, 42(2), 183197.Google Scholar
Merton, R. K. (1986). Social theory and social structure. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Miller, K., Joseph, L., & Apker, J. (2000). Strategic ambiguity in the role development process. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 28(3), 193214.Google Scholar
Moore, S. T. (1990). Street-level policymaking: characteristics of decision and policy in public welfare. The American Review of Public Administration, 20(3), 191209.Google Scholar
Oliver, C. (1991). Strategic responses to institutional processes. Academy of Management Review, 16(1), 145179.Google Scholar
Pache, A. C., & Santos, F. (2013). Inside the hybrid organization: Selective coupling as a response to conflicting institutional logics. Academy of Management Journal, 56(4), 9721001.Google Scholar
Paul, J., & Strbiak, C. A. (1997). The ethics of strategic ambiguity. Journal of Business Communication, 34(2), 149159.Google Scholar
Phillips, N., & Hardy, C. (1997). Managing multiple identities: discourse, legitimacy and resources in the UK refugee system. Organization, 4(2), 159185.Google Scholar
Phillips, N., Lawrence, T. B., & Hardy, C. (2004). Discourse and institutions. Academy of Management Review, 29(4), 635652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prasad, P., & Prasad, A. (2000). Stretching the iron cage: the constitution and implications of routine workplace resistance. Organization Science, 11(4), 387403.Google Scholar
Pratt, M. G., & Foreman, P. O. (2000). Classifying managerial responses to multiple organizational identities. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 1842.Google Scholar
Reay, T., & Hinings, C. R. (2009). Managing the rivalry of competing institutional logics. Organization Studies, 30(6), 629652.Google Scholar
Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2), 150163.Google Scholar
Robertson, M., & Swan, J. (2003). Control–what control? Culture and ambiguity within a knowledge intensive firm. Journal of Management Studies, 40(4), 831858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selsky, J. W., & Parker, B. (2005). Cross-sector partnerships to address social issues: Challenges to theory and practice. Journal of Management, 31(6), 849873.Google Scholar
Sillince, J., Jarzabkowski, P., & Shaw, D. (2012). Shaping strategic action through the rhetorical construction and exploitation of ambiguity. Organization Science, 23(3), 630650.Google Scholar
Simon, H. A. (1972). Theories of bounded rationality. In C. B. McGuire, & R. Rander (Eds.), Decision and organization (161176). North-Holland: Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Star, S. L., & Griesemer, J. R. (1989). Institutional ecology, translations and boundary objects: amateurs and professionals in Berkeley’s museum of vertebrate zoology, 1907–39. Social Studies of Science, 19(3), 387420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, M. M., & Brush, C. G. (1996). Planning in ambiguous contexts: The dilemma of meeting needs for commitment and demands for legitimacy. Strategic Management Journal, 17(8), 633652.Google Scholar
Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 571610.Google Scholar
Suchman, M. C., & Edelman, L. B. (1996). Legal rational myths: The new institutionalism and the law and society tradition. Law & Social Inquiry, 21(4), 903941.Google Scholar
Suddaby, R., & Greenwood, R. (2005). Rhetorical strategies of legitimacy. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(1), 3567.Google Scholar
Thornton, P. H. (2002). The rise of the corporation in a craft industry: Conflict and conformity in institutional logics. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 81101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornton, P. H., & Ocasio, W. (2008). Institutional logics. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, R. Suddaby, & K. Sahlin-Andersson (Eds.), The Sage handbook of organizational institutionalism (pp. 99129). London: Sage.Google Scholar
Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., & McKelvey, B. (2007). Complexity leadership theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(4), 298318.Google Scholar
Van Sell, M., Brief, A. P., & Schuler, R. S. (1981). Role conflict and role ambiguity: Integration of the literature and directions for future research. Human Relations, 34(1), 4371.Google Scholar
Wexler, M. N. (2009). Strategic ambiguity in emergent coalitions: the triple bottom line. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 14(1), 6277.Google Scholar
Wooten, M., & Hoffman, A. J. (2008). Organizational fields: Past, present and future. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, R. Suddaby, & K. Sahlin-Andersson (Eds.), The Sage handbook of organizational institutionalism (pp. 130147). London: Sage.Google Scholar
Zadeh, L. A. (1988). Fuzzy logic. Computer, 21(4), 8393.Google Scholar