Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-swr86 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T17:25:12.613Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Paradigms and Approaches to Learning Preparing for the Third Millenium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

Richard J McKenna
Affiliation:
Strategic Management, Edith Cowan University, Churchlands WA 6000, Tel: 09 273 8628, Fax: 09 273 8754, Email r.mckenna@cowan.edu.au
Mark Campbell Williams
Affiliation:
Management Information Systems, Edith Cowan University, Churchlands WA 6000, Tel: 09 273 8628, Fax: 09 273 8754, Email m.williams@cowan.edu.au

Abstract

In this paper, we contend that business education could benefit from attention to a field of study concerned with the way in which adults learn, and their motivation as students. We warrant the assertion that, although university business faculty tend to present a conventional wisdom set in the traditional paradigm(s) of their discipline areas, there is growing need for managers and academics to reject the concept of certainty, and to be open to conflicting values, change, uncertainty, and continuous learning. Conformity to a central paradigm requires that any ideas that stray from the established path be ignored, but emerging paradigms in business theory and research increase the urgency of the need for significant changes in the traditional curriculum and methodology of business education. We consider it long overdue for students of organisations, including current and future practitioners, to participate in the dialogue and benefit from new approaches, which will challenge the community of business academics to redesign both the content and the methodology of courses.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abercrombie, NHill, S and Turner, BS (1984) The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology London: LaneGoogle Scholar
Bertis, RA and Prahalad, C (1995) ‘The Dominant Logic: Prospective and ExtensionStrategic Management Journal 16 pp 514Google Scholar
Biggs, J (1988) ‘The Role of Metacognition in Enhancing LearningAustralian Journal of Education 32(2) pp 127138CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biggs, J (1989) ‘Approaches to the Enhancement of TeachingHigher Education Research and Development 8(1) pp 725CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boland, LA (1982) The Foundations of Economic Method London: George Allen and UnwinGoogle Scholar
Boland, LA (1986) Methodology for a New Microeconomics: The Critical Foundations Winchester, Mass: Allen and UnwinGoogle Scholar
Bowers, CA (1993) Education, Cultural Myths and the Ecological Crisis: Towards Deep Change Albany, New York: State University of New York PressGoogle Scholar
Bowers, CA (1995) Educating for an Ecologically Sustainable Culture: Rethinking Moral Education, Creativity, and Other Modern Orthodoxies Albany, New York: State University of New York PressGoogle Scholar
Brittain, J and Sitkin, S (1989) ‘Facts, Figures, and Organizational Decisions: Carter Racing and Quantitative Analysis in the Organizational Behaviour ClassroomThe Organizational Behaviour Teaching Review XIV (1) pp 6281Google Scholar
Brockway, GP (1991) The End of Economic Man: Principles of Any Future Economics New York: Harper CollinsGoogle Scholar
Buttery, E and Buttery, A (1994) Business Networks: Reaching New Markets with Low-Cost Strategies Melbourne: Longman Business and ProfessionalGoogle Scholar
Buttery, A and Tamaschke, R (1992) ‘Australia's Needs and Management EducationManagement Decision 30(7) pp 1824CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calas, MB and Smircich, L (1990) ‘Thrusting Toward More of the Same with the Porter-McKibbin ReportAcademy of Management Review 15 pp 694705CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caraca, J and Carrilho, MM (1994) ‘A New Paradigm in the Organization of KnowledgeFutures 26(7) pp 781786CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Checkland, P and Scholes, J (1990) Soft Systems Methodology in Practice London: WileyGoogle Scholar
Covey, S (1990) The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People Melbourne: Information AustraliaGoogle Scholar
Daft, RL and Lewin, AY (1990) ‘Can Organization Studies Begin to Break out of the Normal Science Straightjacket? An Editorial EssayOrganization Science 1 (1) pp 19CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daft, RL and Lewin, AY (1993) ‘Where are the Theories for the “New” Organizational Forms? An Editorial EssayOrganization Science 4(4) pp iviGoogle Scholar
Dahlgren, L (1984) ‘Outcomes of Learning’ in Marton, FHounsell, D and Entwhistle, N (Eds) (1984) The Experience of Learning Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press pp 1935Google Scholar
Dews, P (Ed) (1986) Habermas: Autonomy and Solidarity London: VersoGoogle Scholar
Donaldson, T and Werhane, PH (eds) (1988) Ethical Issues in Business: A Philosophical Approach 3rd Ed Englewood Cliffs: Prentice HallGoogle Scholar
Dorweiler, VP and Yakhou, M (1995) ‘The Status of Environmental Management in Business EducationJournal of Education for Business 70(3) pp 160165CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forray, JM and Mir, AH (1994) ‘Envisioning a New Paradigm: Synthesis in Management EducationManagement Learning 25(2) pp 201214CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, CB (1995) ‘An Investigation of Gender Differences in Leadership across Four CountriesJournal of International Business Studies 6(2) pp 255280CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gioia, DA and Pitre, E (1990) ‘Multiparadigm Perspectives on Theory BuildingAcademy of Management Review 15(4) pp 584602CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Habermas, J (1972) Knowledge and Human Interests London: HeinemannGoogle Scholar
Habermas, J (1976) Legitimation Crisis London: HeinemannGoogle Scholar
Habermas, J (1984) The Theory of Communicative Action: Vol 1 Lifeworld and System Critique of Functionalist Reason Boston: Beacon PressGoogle Scholar
Habermas, J (1987) The Theory of Communicative Action: Vol 2 Reason and the Rationalization of Society Boston: Beacon PressGoogle Scholar
Harrigan, KR (1990) ‘Professionalism in Management Education: Is the Emperor Naked in the 1990s?Academy of Management Review 15 pp 696698CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Held, D (1980) Introduction to Critical Theory Cambridge: Polity PressGoogle Scholar
Hicks, J (1976) ‘Revolutions’ in economics’ In Latsis, S (Ed) Method and Appraisal in Economics Cambridge: CUP; cited in Mahoney, JT (1993) ‘Strategic Management and Determinism: Sustaining the Conversation’ Journal of Management Studies 30(1) pp 174–191Google Scholar
Hodgson, GM (1993) ‘The Economy as an Organism - not a MachineFutures 25(4) pp 392403CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, JH (1992) Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems Cambridge, Mass: MIT; cited in Bettis, RA and Prahalad, C (1995) ‘The Dominant Logic: Prospective and Extension’ Strategic Management Journal 16 pp 5–14CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelsey, D (1988) ‘The Economics of Chaos or the Chaos of EconomicsOxford Economic Papers 40 pp 131CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karpin, DS/Industry Task Force on Leadership and Management Skills (1995) Enterprising Nation: Renewing Australia's Management to Meet the Challenges of the Asia-Pacific Century Canberra: AGPSGoogle Scholar
Kerwin, A (1993) ‘None too Solid: Medical IgnoranceKnowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilisation 15(2) pp 166185CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamberton, D (1995) ‘The Politics of Publishing’ Seminar presented at Edith Cowan University, 18 08Google Scholar
Laurillard, D (1984) ‘Learning from Problem-Solving’ in Marton, FHounsell, D and Entwhistle, N (Eds) (1984) The Experience of Learning Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press pp 124143Google Scholar
Leibenstein, H (1979) ‘A Branch of Economics is Missing: Micro-micro TheoryJournal of Economic Literature XVII 06 pp 477502Google Scholar
Lincoln, YS (Ed) (1985) Organizational Theory and Inquiry: The Paradigm Revolution Beverly Hills, Ca: SageGoogle Scholar
McKenna, RJ (1991) ‘Andragogy, Learning Approach and Student Performance’ paper presented to Western Australian Institute for Educational Research, Sixth Annual Research Forum, AugustGoogle Scholar
McKenna, RJ (1995) Explaining Amoral Decision Making: An External View of a Human Disaster, Journal of Business Ethics (in print); reprinted in Woldring, K Business Ethics in Australia and New Zealand: Essays and Cases South Melbourne: Thomas Nelson AustraliaGoogle Scholar
McKenna, RJ (1996a) ‘Paradigms for a Changing Context: The Challenge of Collaboration in Management Education’ paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the Western Academy of Management, Banff, Canada03Google Scholar
McKenna, RJ (1996b) ‘Collaboration and the Management of Learning: Preparing Management Education for the Third Millennium’, Working Paper Department of Management, Faculty of Business, Edith Cowan UniversityGoogle Scholar
Mahoney, JT (1993) ‘Strategic Management and Determinism: Sustaining the ConversationJournal of Management Studies 30(1) pp 174191CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maitland, IBryson, J and van de Ven, A (1985) ‘Sociologists, Economists, and OpportunismAcademy of Management Review 10(1) pp 5965CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marton, F and Saljo, R (1984) ‘Approaches to Learning’ in Marton, FHounsell, D and Entwhistle, N (Eds) (1984) The Experience of Learning Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press pp 3655Google Scholar
Marton, FHounsell, D and Entwhistle, N (Eds) (1984) The Experience of Learning Edinburgh: Scottish Academic PressGoogle Scholar
Milbrath, LW (1994) ‘Stumbling Blocks to a Sustainable SocietyFutures 26(2) pp 117124CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muller, HJPorter, JL and Rehder, RR (1991) ‘Reinventing the MBA the European WayBusiness Horizons (05-June) pp 8391Google Scholar
Nutt, PC (1989) Making Tough Decisions San Fransisco: Jossey-BassGoogle Scholar
O'Leary, TJO'Leary, LI (1994) Computing Essentials: Annual Edition 94/95 New York: McGraw HillGoogle Scholar
Park, J (Ed) (1991) Cultural Icons London: BloomsburyGoogle Scholar
Pfeffer, J (1993) ‘Barriers to the Advance of Organizational Science: Paradigm Development as a Dependent VariableAcademy of Management Review 18(4) pp 599620CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porter, LW and McKibbin, LE (1988) Management Education and Development: Drift or Thrust Into the 21st Century? New York: McGraw-HillGoogle Scholar
Ramsden, P (1984) ‘The Context of Learning’ in Marton, FHounsell, D and Entwhistle, N (Eds) (1984) The Experience of Learning Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press pp 144164Google Scholar
Ramsden, P (1985) ‘Student Learning Research: Retrospect and ProspectHigher Education Research and Development 4(1) pp 5169CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsden, P (1987) ‘Improving Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: The Case for a Relational PerspectiveStudies in Higher Education 12(3) pp 275286CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowe, C (1989) ‘Analysing Management Decision-making: Further Thoughts after the Bradford StudiesJournal of Management Studies 26(1) pp 2945CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowe, AJ and Mason, RO (1987) Managing with Style: A Guide to Understanding, Assessing, and Improving Decision Making San Fransisco: Jossey-BassGoogle Scholar
Schafer, DP (1994) ‘Cultures and EconomiesFutures 26(8) pp 830845CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, WG and Hart, DK (1979) Organizational America Boston: Houghton MifflinGoogle Scholar
Seth, A and Thomas, H (1994) ‘Theories of the Firm: Implications for Strategy ResearchJournal of Management Studies 31(2) pp 165191CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, WH and Barry, V (1992) Moral Issues in Business Fifth edition Belmont: WadsworthGoogle Scholar
Shrivastava, P (1994) ‘Greening Business Education: Toward an Ecocentric PedagogyJournal of Management Inquiry 3(3) pp 235243CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sime, DR (1986) ‘The Nature of LearningThe Organizational Behaviour Teaching Review 11(2) pp 105110Google Scholar
Velasquez, MG (1992) Business Ethics: Concepts and Cases 3rd edition Englewood Cliffs: Prentice HallGoogle Scholar
Vilkinas, T and Cartan, G (1990) ‘A Preferred Approach to Management Education has a Learner-centred and Problem-based EmphasisHigher Education Research and Development 9(1) pp 7179CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volet, SE (1991) ‘Modelling and Coaching of Relevant Metacognitive Strategies for Enhancing University Students' LearningLearning and Instruction 1(4) pp 319336CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volet, SE and Chalmers, D (1992) ‘Investigation of Quality Differences in University Students' Learning Goals, Based on an Unfolding Model of Stage DevelopmentBritish Journal of Educational Psychology 62 pp 1734CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volet, SE and Lawrence, J A (1988) ‘University Students' Representations of StudyAustralian Journal of Education 32(2) pp 139155CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Wodke, M (1993) Mind over Media: Creative Thinking Skills for Electronic Media New York: McGraw-HillGoogle Scholar
White, SK (1988) The Recent work of Jurgen Habermas: Reason, Justice and Modernity Cambridge: Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zald, MN (1993) ‘Organization Studies as Scientific and Humanistic Enterprise: Toward a Reconceptualization of the Foundations of the FieldOrganization Science 4(4) pp 513528CrossRefGoogle Scholar